Andrew Jackson Test - SS 2/8

Where was the "Indian Territory" located?

In Oklahoma.

Who was John C. Calhoun?

Jackson's vice president.

Why did Americans support the removal of American Indians from their homelands?

It would allow them to grow more agriculture and cotton.

Who was Henry Clay?

A candidate that ran against Jackson in 1832.

What is a charter?

A contract.

What was the "Trail of Tears"?

A forced removal of the Cherokee tribe from Georgia to Indian Territory.

How did the Supreme Court rule on the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States?

Ruled that the US Bank was constitutional.

What percentage of civil servants were replaced under Jackson's spoils system?

10 percent

What was the situation with American Indians when Jackson became president?

125,000 Indians lived east of the Mississippi.

What percentage of Cherokees died during their long walk along the "The Trail of Tears"?

25% of the Cherokees died.

What is a tariff?

A tax imposed by the government on goods imported from another country.

What was the significance of the election of 1828?

A victory for the idea that the common people should control their government.

Describe Jackson's life after the Revolutionary War:

After the war, Jackson became a lawyer at a law office in North Carolina, which eventually led to Jackson fighting a duel against slave trader Charles Dickinson. Due to Jackson's growing success, Andrew was able to buy land and slaves.

What did the Civilized tribes do in order to remain on their lands?

Became farmers and learned how to read and write.

According to Jackson, who did the Bank of the U.S. benefit and who did it harm?

Benefited rich eastern depositors, and harmed farmers, workers, and smaller state banks.

Describe Jackson's early life:

Born in 1767 on the Carolina frontier, Jackson was born into a poor family. Andrew's father died before Andrew was even born, leaving Andrew's mother to fend for the family. As a child, Jackson had a hot temper, but adored sports as well.

How was the nullification crisis resolved?

By South Carolina backing down due to the fact that they were faced with firm opposition.

How did the Jackson supporters respond to their loss in the 1824 presidential election?

By building a new political organization, also known as the Democratic Party. This party was meant to mainly represent farmers, workers, and the lower-class.

How did the Supreme Court interpret the Indian Removal Act?

By declaring that Indians had a right to keep their ancestral land.

How did the Seminoles of Florida resist removal?

By fighting the US Army in the Florida swamps.

How were voting rights changed in the election of 1828?

By having the common people have a say in politics, and by having them have an influence on the process of electing a presidential candidate.

How did the U.S. government try to settle the conflicts between white settlers and Native Americans?

By issuing treaties that drew boundaries between settlers and Indians.

How did Jackson "kill" the bank?

By ordering the secretary of the treasury to remove all federal deposits from the bank and put to money in state banks.

How did some Sac and Fox Indians resist the Removal Act?

By the Black Hawk Wars.

What was Jackson's argument in favor of replacing Republican officeholders with loyal Democrats?

He believed that rotating people in office was more democratic than a lifetime service, because it gave more people a chance to serve their government.

What did John C. Calhoun mean when he said that the tariff was "null and void"?

He meant that the tariff was illegal and not to be honored.

What did President Jackson promise he would do to promote democracy?

He promised to throw out the rich and return the government to "the people" in order to promote democracy.

Why did Jackson distrust the bank's president, Nicholas Biddle?

He was wealthy, upper-class, and everything Jackson was not.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

Indians traded their land for new land in the Great Plains.

Henry Clay's compromise tariff of 1833 was important primarily because...

It avoided going to war, and it defused the gravity of the nullification crisis.

What was the significance of Jackson's veto of the re-charter bill?

It caused inflation to the nation.

Why did some southerners believe that the tariff was unconstitutional?

It favored the North.

What was the purpose of Bank of the United States?

It had a monopoly on federal deposits, and it was owned by the federal government.

List the reasons why Southerners opposed their tariff:

It raised the prices they paid for factory goods, and many worried that tariffs would hurt cotton sales. They also believed that the law favored the North.

What was the significance of the nullification crisis?

It was the first time tensions between state and federal authority almost led to a civil war, and the constitutionality of nullification was never addressed.

What was Jackson's method of governing?

Jackson listened to others, but he did what he thought was right. Instead of relying only on his cabinet, Jackson made most of his decisions with the help of trusted friends and political supporters.

What was the significance of Jackson's Indian removal policies?

Jackson moved the conflict between Indians and whites further west, but it did not resolve the problem.

How did Jackson respond to those who insulted his character?

Jackson responded by challenging those to a duel.

What was Jackson's response to South Carolina's threats of nullification and secession?

Jackson was outraged, and called Congress to pass the Force Bill, which would allow him to use the federal army to collect tariffs if needed.

Why did Jackson's supporters refer to the Election of 1824 as a "corrupt bargain"?

Jackson won the most popular votes as well as electoral votes, but did not have enough electoral votes for a majority.

What would happen to Jackson's re-election chances if he vetoed the bill to recharter the bank?

Jackson would lose votes on business people who depended on the bank for loans.

How did South Carolina respond to the Tariff of 1832?

Proclaiming South Carolina's right to nullify both the 1828 and 1832 tariff laws.

How did President Jackson respond the southerners' concerns?

Signed a new law that lowered tariffs in 1832.

What was the result of the Seminole wars?

Some Indians were removed, but others survived by hiding in swamps/plants.

In addition to nullification, what else did South Carolina threaten to do if the national government tried to enforce the tariff?

South Carolina would threaten to secede.

What were "pet banks"?

State banks run by Jackson's supporters.

Who were the "Five Civilized Tribes"?

The Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole Tribes.

Describe the tactics the Democrats used to win the election of 1828:

The Democrats hurled insults at Adams, and organized parades, picnics and rallies, while supporters sang "The Hunters of Kentucky."

Who was supposed to be the final authority in resolving conflicts between states and the national government?

The Supreme Court.

Which reason best explains why the doctrine of nullification became popular in the South?

The Tariff of 1828 hurt the southern economy, and the nullification would put an end to that. (State's rights)

What was Jackson's argument in vetoing the re-charter bill?

The bank was an unconstitutional monopoly that existed to make the rich richer.

Why did Jackson's opponents oppose what they referred to as the spoils system?

They wanted their Republican officeholders to have a lifetime job.

What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on Jackson's reputation?

The battle made Jackson a national hero, and this paved the way into making him a president.

What would happen to Jackson's re-election chances if he signed the bill to recharter the bank?

The farmers who shared Jackson's dislike of banks would not re-elect him.

How did the Revolutionary War impact Jackson?

The war cut his childhood short, and created emotional and physical scars that stayed with Jackson forever. Jackson's mother and brother died during the war, and Andrew blamed their casualties on the British.

List the reasons why Northerners supported the tariff:

There were many factories which supported their sales.

What did Clay forget to factor in his decision to re-charter the bank?

There were many more poor farmers to cast votes than there were rich bankers and businesspeople.

What was the result of the Black Hawk wars?

There were many slaughtered.

What distinguished the Cherokee from other "Civilized Tribes"?

They had their own written language, newspaper, and constitution.

Why did Andrew Jackson have little sympathy for American Indians?

They were responsible for many attacks on western settlers.

What was the purpose of the Tariff of 1828?

To encourage the growth of manufacturing in the United States.

What was Congress' response to the tariff crisis?

To pass a compromise bill that lowered tariffs still further.

What was Jackson's solution to the Indian problem?

To remove the American Indians.

What was Jackson's decision?

To veto the recharter bill.

How did Jackson view himself?

Viewed himself as the champion of the people.

In what way did the election of Jackson reflect a shift in political power?

Voting laws were changed to give the "common man" the right to vote.

What was Henry Clay's purpose in re-chartering the Bank of the United States in 1832?

Was to receive more votes than Jackson in the Election of 1832, and to turn Jackson's supporters against him.

How did the voters in the Election of 1832 respond to Jackson's veto?

With agreement, and it resulted in Jackson's re-election.

How did the upper-class view Jackson's kitchen cabinet?

With deep suspicion because they believed that the men around the president were not the proper sort to be running the country.