Anesthesia Online Questions Exam 1

Topical anesthesia will anesthetize the affected are _____ into the tissue. a. 2-3 mm b. 5-7 mm c. 1-2 mm d. 3-5 mm

a. 2-3 mm

Which of the following was the first local anesthetic? a. novocaine b. cocaine c. articaine d. lidocaine

b. cocaine

Which topical anesthetic has the most rapid onset of action? a. Benzocaine b. Lidocaine c. Dyclonine hydrochloride d. Tetracaine hydrochloride

a. Benzocaine

A bubble in the cartridge that is larger than 2 mm is harmlessly produced by nitrogen gas during the manufacturing process. A cartridge with a large bubble (>2 mm) can be used without complication. a. Both statements are false. b. Both statements are true. c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

a. Both statements are false.

Topical anesthesia is available in many different forms: liquid, gel, spray, and patch. Topical anesthesia distributed in single dose applications decreases the possibility of cross-contamination. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. d. Both statements are false.

a. Both statements are true.

A barbed needle: a. Causes pain on withdrawal b. Causes pain on insertion c. Causes needle to deflect d. Causes the needle to break easily

a. Causes pain on withdrawal

Harpoon disengagement may occur due to which operator error? a. Excessive pull during aspiration and failure to properly engage the harpoon during setup b. Failure to properly engage the harpoon during setup c. Excessive engagement of the harpoon during setup d. Excessive pull during aspiration

a. Excessive pull during aspiration and failure to properly engage the harpoon during setup

Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of an oral topical anesthetic? a. It produces dependency on repeated use. b. It permits a comfortable (pain-free) application. c. It has an acceptable taste. d. It remains at the site of application.

a. It produces dependency on repeated use.

Gauze 2×2 squares are a helpful supplement to the anesthetic armamentarium. Which of the following is NOT a function of a gauze 2×2? a. Pressure anesthesia b. Retraction c. Stabilization d. Visibility

a. Pressure anesthesia

Which of the following landmarks is NOT a point of muscle attachment? a. Retromolar triangle b. Ramus c. Internal oblique ridge d. Genial tubercles

a. Retromolar triangle

Topical anesthetics are available in a variety of forms. Which method of delivery is most likely to produce a toxic reaction? a. Spray b. Gel c. Patch d. applicator swab

a. Spray

Which of the following statements is true? a. The ramus of the mandible is the main muscle attachment area for the muscles of mastication. b. The external oblique line is a landmark for the Gow-Gates mandibular block. c. The posterior border of the ramus is thin and sharp and ends at the coronoid process. d. The body of the mandible elongates anterior to the mental foramen to make room for more teeth as the body grows.

a. The ramus of the mandible is the main muscle attachment area for the muscles of mastication.

The American Dental Association has set forth criteria for the acceptance of local anesthetic syringes. Which of the following is NOT consistent with the ADA's standards? a. The syringe must be disposable. b. The syringe must provide effective aspiration. c. The syringe must be inexpensive. d. The syringe must be capable of accepting a variety of cartridges and needles.

a. The syringe must be disposable.

After arriving at the deposition site, you decide to redirect your needle to achieve effective anesthesia. Which of the following is an appropriate action? a. Withdraw the needle completely, change the direction of the needle, penetrate, and readvance to the target location. b. Aspirate and slowly shift the direction of the needle in the tissue from the current location to the desired target location. c. Withdraw the needle one half the distance to the penetration depth, redirect the needle, and readvance to the target location. d. In a gentle walking motion, slowly adjust the direction of the needle by 2 mm increments until you arrive at the target location.

a. Withdraw the needle completely, change the direction of the needle, penetrate, and readvance to the target location.

The syringe designed to deliver a "virtually painless" injection of local anesthesia is the a. computer-controlled anesthetic delivery device (CCLAD). b. breach-loading plastic cartridge-type syringe. c. jet injector syringe. d. pressure syringe.

a. computer-controlled anesthetic delivery device (CCLAD).

Which of the following advantages is/are associated with the use of a local anesthetic? a. hemostasis and pain control b. pain control c. no memory of the procedure d. hemostasis

a. hemostasis and pain control

The alveolar bone covering the maxillary teeth is __________ than the alveolar bone covering the mandibular teeth. a. less dense b. denser and less porous c. less porous d. denser

a. less dense

The floor of the mouth, tongue, and mandibular lingual gingiva are innervated by which nerve? a. lingual nerve b. long buccal nerve c. long buccal nerve and lingual nerve d. incisive nerve

a. lingual nerve

A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is used to: a. measure pain b. block pain receptors c. locate pain d. constrict blood vessels

a. measure pain

The relationship between a patient's needs and behavior is best defined as: a. the human needs paradigm b. stress c. the tension paradigm d. dental phobia

a. the human needs paradigm

To achieve the optimal anesthetic effect, topical anesthesia should remain at the site of application for a. 5 to 10 minutes b. 1 to 2 minutes c. 3 to 5 minutes d. 10 to 12 minutes

b. 1 to 2 minutes

A patient who has just been administered Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) can expect a comfortable duration of anesthesia of approximately _______. a. 60 minutes b. 20 minutes c. 45 minutes d. 10 minutes

b. 20 minutes

Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) produces an anesthetic effect within ____________. a. 15 minutes b. 30 seconds c. 10 minutes d. 5 minutes

b. 30 seconds

Which of the following skull bones is NOT involved in the administration of local anesthesia? a. Maxilla b. Ethmoid c. Mandible d. Palatine

b. Ethmoid

A bifid inferior alveolar nerve can be detected by which of the following? a. Only after administering local anesthesia b. On a radiograph c. Visually, during the intraoral inspection d. On palpation of the coronoid notch

b. On a radiograph

Which of the following is a eutectic mixture that will thicken into a gel once inserted into a periodontal pocket, relieving pain associated with nonsurgical periodontal therapy? a. Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, tetracaine) b. Oraqix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel) c. Dyclonine hydrochloride d. EMLA (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine cream)

b. Oraqix

Which of the following statements is true? a. dental hygienist are not currently permitted to administer nitrous oxide in the US. b. States are more likely to allow dental hygienists to administer local anesthesia than they are to allow them to administer nitrous oxide. c. no options are correct. d. states are more likely to allow dental hygienist to administer nitrous oxide than they are to allow them to administer local anesthesia.

b. States are more likely to allow dental hygienists to administer local anesthesia than they are to allow them to administer nitrous oxide.

Which topical anesthetic has the longest average duration? a. benzocaine b. Tetracaine hydrochloride c. lidocaine d. Dyclonine hydrochloride

b. Tetracaine hydrochloride

Which of the following does NOT occur in patients with a completely edentulous mandible? a. The location of the local anesthesia landmarks changes. b. The body of the mandible decreases in density (thins). c. The mental foramen's relative position shifts (moves). d. The alveolar process of the mandible resorbs.

b. The body of the mandible decreases in density (thins).

Your patient begins experiencing facial paralysis following the administration of an inferior alveolar block. Which nerve has been inadvertently anesthetized? a. The nasopalatine nerve b. The facial nerve c. The auriculotemporal nerve d. The mylohyoid nerve

b. The facial nerve

The FDA has released a Public Health Advisory alerting consumers to the potential risk of life-threatening or fatal reactions to over-the-counter topical anesthetics. Some of these over-the-counter topical anesthetics are available in concentrations twice the strength of those used in the dental office. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false.

b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

A patient's pain reaction may be influenced by his/her: a. emotional state b. all options are correct c. culture d. age

b. all options are correct

The majority of patients who experience dental anxiety trace the onset of fear to which of the following? a. infancy b. childhood or adolescences c. adulthood d. toddlerhood

b. childhood or adolescences

Which of the following statements is true of local anesthesia? a. local anesthesia is never necessary for dental hygiene appointments. b. local anesthesia eliminates the feeling of sensation without the loss of consciousness. c. local anesthesia is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. d. local anesthesia eliminates the feeling of sensation through loss of consciousness.

b. local anesthesia eliminates the feeling of sensation without the loss of consciousness.

Which of the following is defined as the neurologic experience of pain; it differs little between individuals. a. stress b. pain perception c. pain threshold d. pain reaction

b. pain perception

Overinsertion of the needle when administering which block may result in piercing the pterygoid plexus of veins? a. inferior alveolar b. posterior superior alveolar c. middle superior alveolar d. long buccal

b. posterior superior alveolar

If the harpoon disengages during an aspiration, the clinician should a. attempt to reengage the harpoon, stabilizing the syringe at the deposition site in the patient's mouth. b. remove the syringe from the patient's mouth, remove the needle, and reengage the harpoon into the rubber stopper. c. remove the syringe, remove the needle, and dispose of the anesthetic cartridge. Insert a new carpule of anesthetic and new needle and reengage the harpoon. d. continue delivery of the anesthetic, making certain to engage the next carpule, should one be needed.

b. remove the syringe from the patient's mouth, remove the needle, and reengage the harpoon into the rubber stopper.

Although the patient may be apprehensive about receiving an injection, one the anesthesia is administered, its effect will help attain the patient human need for _____ by providing comfort. a. belonging b. safety c. esteem d. self-actualization

b. safety

Which of the following defines pain threshold? a. the personal interpretation and response to the pain message. b. the point at which a sensation becomes painful, resulting in discomfort. c. a neurologic experience of pain d. a method or tool used to measure pain

b. the point at which a sensation becomes painful, resulting in discomfort.

The skin of the cheek and the skin of the temporal region are innervated by the __________. a. anterior superior alveolar nerve b. zygomatic nerve c. infraorbital nerve d. ophthalmic nerve

b. zygomatic nerve

Placing the local anesthetic cartridge in alcohol or sterilization solutions can cause ________. a. contamination of the local anesthetic solution b. a burning sensation during the injection c. All options are correct d. corrosion of the aluminum cap

c. All options are correct

Which of the following is the most popular dental anesthetic used in the USA? a. Novocaine b. Mepivacaine c. Lidocaine d. Procaine

c. Lidocaine

The coronoid notch is a landmark for which injection? a. The mental or incisive block b. The long buccal block c. The inferior alveolar block d. The posterior alveolar block

c. The inferior alveolar block

Which of the following is NOT innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerve? a. The maxillary central incisors and associated tissue b. The facial gingival tissue c. The upper lip, medial part of the cheek, side of the nose, and lower eyelid d. The maxillary canines and associated tissue

c. The upper lip, medial part of the cheek, side of the nose, and lower eyelid

Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries both afferent and efferent nerves? a. V2 b. None: the trigeminal nerve carries only afferent nerves. c. V3 d. V1

c. V3

Which of the following will lower the pain reaction threshold? a. fatigue b. emotional distress c. all options are correct. d. fear

c. all options are correct.

The health and dental history review is an opportune time to detect signs of patient anxiety. Which of the following signs would indicate a patient is fearful of dental treatment? a. dry mouth, decreased heart rate, and decreased rate of respiration b. low blood pressure, decreased rate of respiration, and pupil dilation c. elevated blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and cold, sweaty palms d. elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and relaxed posture

c. elevated blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and cold, sweaty palms

Routine maintenance of a reusable syringe includes _____________. a. inspection and replacement of the finger ring b. lubrication of the piston c. inspection and replacement of a dull or bent harpoon d. All options are correct.

c. inspection and replacement of a dull or bent harpoon

Allergic reactions to topical anesthetic are _______. a. somewhat common b. unheard of c. rare d. very common

c. rare

Which of the following is a physical and emotional response to a particular situation? a. apprehension b. anxiety c. stress d. pain

c. stress

Which of the following methods of pain control did not pave the way for modern anesthetics? a. alcohol, cannabis, and opium b. scaring off demons c. therapeutic massage d. herbs and plants (roots, berries, seeds)

c. therapeutic massage

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use for topical anesthesia? a. to increase comfort during minor dental hygiene procedures b. to reduce a patient's gag reflex while taking dental impressions c. to achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures d. to minimize the pain associated with needle insertion

c. to achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

Which of the following needle gauges used in dentistry has the largest lumen diameter? a. 27 b. 30 c. 32 d. 25

d. 25

To maximize patient comfort and minimize tissue trauma, the needle should be changed after _______ injections on the same patient. a. 1 to 2 b. 4 to 5 c. 2 to 3 d. 3 to 4

d. 3 to 4

Which identifying mark is required by the ADA for all local anesthetic cartridges? a. A universal number (coding system) engraved in the glass barrel b. A slight indention in the rubber stopper c. Volume indicators on the plastic label d. A standardized color-coded band on the plastic label

d. A standardized color-coded band on the plastic label

Drying the mucosa with 2 × 2 gauze, prior to the application of topical anesthesia, assists in _______. a. accurate placement of the topical anesthetic b. increasing the visibility c. increasing the penetration depth to 5 mm d. Both A and B

d. Both A and B

When breach-loading a cartridge into the syringe, the rubber stopper should _______. a. load last b. load at the same time as the diaphragm end of the cartridge (horizontal load) c. extrude d. load first

d. load first

Topical anesthetics have a lower concentration of anesthetic than their injectable counterparts. This is necessary because some topical anesthetics contain a vasoconstrictor. a. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. b. Both statements are true. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false.

d. Both statements are false.

Which of the following are symptoms of a localized reaction to topical anesthetic? a. Tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception b. Irritation, burning, and stinging at the site of application c. Dizziness, tinnitus, and involuntary muscular activity d. Irritation, burning, and stinging at the site of application and tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception

d. Irritation, burning, and stinging at the site of application and tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception

As you are about to administer an injection, your needle tip inadvertently touches the patient's disposable bib (clean but not sterile). What should you do next? a. As long as the bib was clean, proceed in administering the local anesthesia. b. Carefully remove the needle, making certain not to prick your hand, and set it in the corner of your table tray to recap after the appointment. Replace it with a new, sterilized needle. Proceed in administering the local anesthesia. c. Remove and sterilize the contaminated needle with alcohol. Replace the recently cleaned needle and proceed in administering local anesthesia. d. Recap the needle with the one-hand scoop method, discard it and replace it with a new, sterilized needle. Proceed in administering the local anesthesia.

d. Recap the needle with the one-hand scoop method, discard it and replace it with a new, sterilized needle. Proceed in administering the local anesthesia.

Patient comfort is minimized through the use of a sharply beveled needle. When administering local anesthesia, the bevel of the needle should face the bone. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. Both statements are false. d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The lower jaw, or mandible, consists of two bones that are fused together at the intermandibular suture. The mandible is the skull's only freely movable bone. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. Both statements are false. d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Which nerves are responsible for innervating the maxillary lingual gingiva? a. The MSA and ASA nerves b. The PSA and ASA nerves c. The lesser palatine and infraorbital nerves d. The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

d. The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

Which of the following nerves innervates the palatal periodontium and gingiva of the hard palate of the posterior teeth? a. The posterior superior alveolar nerve b. The anterior superior alveolar nerve c. The lesser palatine nerve d. The greater palatine nerve

d. The greater palatine nerve

Of the following nerves, which is carried in the incisive foramen? a. The greater palatine nerve b. The posterior superior alveolar nerve c. The mental nerve d. The nasopalatine nerve

d. The nasopalatine nerve

Of the following patients, which is most likely to have a negative reaction to topical anesthetic? a. A patient with type O+ blood b. A patient of Middle Eastern ancestry c. All options are correct d. a child

d. a child

If the middle superior alveolar (MSA) nerve is not present in a patient, the structures usually innervated by the MSA are innervated by the _____________. a. Inferior alveolar (IA) nerve b. posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve c. anterior superior alveolar (ASA) nerve d. anterior superior alveolar (ASA) nerve and posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve

d. anterior superior alveolar (ASA) nerve and posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve

Local anesthetics ______ the pain signal to the brain. a. slow b. speed c. have no effect on d. block

d. block

A toxic overdose of topical anesthetic may result in which of the following? a. Hypertension b. Tachycardia c. Hypertension and bradycardia d. Bradycardia

d. bradycardia

The __________ is an elongated depression located directly beneath, or inferior to, the infraorbital foramen. a. maxillary tuberosity b. zygomatic process c. inferior orbital fissure d. canine fossa

d. canine fossa

Which topical anesthetic is not classified as an ester or an amide, but as a ketone? a. benzocaine b. tetracaine hydrochloride c. lidocaine d. dyclonine hydrochloride

d. dyclonine hydrochloride

Which of the following was the first effective gas inhalation anesthetic? a. halothane b. nitrous oxide c. acetylated salicylic acid d. ether

d. ether

The _________ is a sharp tip attached to the internal end of the piston that embeds into the cartridge's rubber stopper. a. barrel b. needle adaptor c. finger grip d. harpoon

d. harpoon

Which needle is recommended for the inferior alveolar block? a. short needle 30 gauge b. extra short needle 30 gauge c. short needle 27 gauge d. long needle 25 gauge

d. long needle 25 gauge

The air-filled space contained within the body of the maxilla is called the ____________. a. maxillary frontal process b. maxillary concavity c. maxillary orbital fissure d. maxillary sinus

d. maxillary sinus

Pulling back on the thumb ring provides ____________ and produces an aspiration. a. positive pressure b. needle penetration c. needle retraction d. negative pressure

d. negative pressure

Dr. Henry Beecher is credited with defining _____ as a combination of physical sensation and cognitive perception a. pain reaction b. stress c. pain control d. pain

d. pain

A _________ syringe is primarily used for PDL injections of single mandibular teeth where tissue resistance is pronounced. a. breach-loading metallic aspirating b. jet injector c. disposable d. pressure

d. pressure

Scheduling a ____ ____ appointment can help prevent apprehension in the anxious patient. a. long afternoon b. long morning c. short evening d. short midweek

d. short midweek

Mild allergic reactions to topical anesthetic can include _______, _______, and _______. a. hematoma, cyanosis, nausea b. seizures, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest c. slurred speech, drowsiness, difficulty breathing d. swelling, raised welts, itching

d. swelling, raised welts, itching