ANIMATION HISTORY QUIZ 1

The Singing Kid (1936)

"I love To Singa" sequence. Al Jolson, Cab Calloway Al Jolson, parody of The Jazz Singer

Porky In Wackyland

(Clampett,1938) Classic, surrealistic Wackyland sequence was adapted and reused for many later films.

Haven't Got A Hat

(Freleng,1935) Used Technicolor'stwo-strip process(red and green) instead of the three-strip process. This was the introduction of Porky Pig.

I love To Singa (1936)

-Warner Bros, Tex Avery Warner B. Using their own songs cus they can. Dont need to buy the rights to songs if you own the songs *taps forehead*- Parody of Al Jolson & his character from the movie The Singing Kid (1936), as well as radio talent shows like Jack Benny's (Jack Bunny)

Bayeux Tapestry

1070 Depicted the chronology of events leading up to the Norman conquest of England. Long horizontal painting that when panned upon depicts the entire historical event Purpose: To celebrate the victory. 20 inches tall, but 200 ft long.

Trajan's Column

113 AD A triumphal column commemorating Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. 115 ft tall Sequential story - Trajan appears throughout. Depicts movement and time

Laterna Magica: (aka Magic Lantern)

1650 The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name laterna magica, is an early type of image projector employing pictures painted, printed or produced photographically on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source.

Thaumatrope

1824: Paris & Roget The first invention demonstrating Roget's principle of "Persistence of Vision." A thaumatrope is an optical toy that was popular in the 19th century. A disk with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to blend into one due to the persistence of vision. If you see an image and it's replaced quickly, your brain would remember it long enough for it to put the two together.

Zoetrope

1833: Horner An improvement on the phenakistiscope using a revolving drum. The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with cuts vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion.

Praxinoscope

1877: Charles Emile Reynaud Improving on the zoetrope by using an inner circle of mirrors

Théâtre Optique

1888 Capable of projecting a much longer series of images on a screen. The Théâtre Optique (Optical Theatre) was an animated moving picture system invented by Émile Reynaud and patented in 1888. From 28 October 1892 to March 1900 Reynaud gave over 12,800 shows to a total of over 500.000 visitors at the Musée Grévin in Paris.

Alexander Shiryaev

A belated tribute to animation and dance. shiryaev was also a pioneering animation director who is credited with invention of stop motion animation. "The Very Beginning of Things: Dance Films" 1904 - 09 Puppets out of paper mache. "The Buffoon's Dance first (?) drawn animated film

Otto Messmer On Felix The Cat (c.1980)

A lonesome cat, a homeless cat Debate between Pat Sullivan and Otto Messmer for character Otto Messmer also worked on the Charlie Chapman (a comedian) silent films. Charlie Chapman served as the personality model to Felix (This is Gladstone's theory) because these cartoons were done before Felix the Cat. Extra: Felix the cat seems to be the first televised image: Felix the cat on a turntable

Van Beuren Studios

Amedee J. Van Beuren entered a partnership with Paul Terry and formed the "Aesop's Fables Studio" eventually producing the first sound cartoon, Dinner Time.

Max Fleischer and Out Of The Inkwell

Begun as films produced to demonstrate the rotoscope. The series, featuring animation and live-action combinations, began at Bray, eventually becoming part of the line-up at the Fleischer's own studio

Colonel Heeza Liar At Bat (1915)

Bray studio started the studio a year after Gertie Bray studio became the oven for baking animators on the early days Smooth animation when running and throwing the ball but the facial movements were not A lot of reuses in animation

Domestic Difficulties (1916)

Bud Fisher. H.C. Fisher. People used ideas from comic strips to make animations because they were popular at that time About a man trying sneak out from his wife to party with his friend. Tries to get away with something but doesn't

Bobby Bumps Puts A Beanery On The Bum (1919)

By Earl Hurd of Bray Studios Hand of the artist was very common as an opening for films.

How Cartoons Are Made (1919)

By Wallace Carlson of the Bray Studios. Storyboards are just coming into use at this time. The use of a downshooter

Early Fleischer Sound Test (1924-26) Deforest Phonophone

Deforest Phonophone. Fleischer Studios

Skeleton Dance (1929)

Disney, Ub Iwerks, Carl Stalling The 1st Silly Symphony produced by Disney Disney & Stalling figure out how to time animation with music bar timing Silly Symphonies would be used by Disney as a way to experiment with new techniques & technology (see the multiplane camera) Introduction of Carl Stalling into the animation business as a musical composer (he would later leave w/ Ub Iwerks & end up as musical composer for Warner Bros animation)

Steamboat Willie (1928)

Disney. Ub Iwerks First animated sound film (considered to be the first sound film, but it isn't) Kept this scene to use in other movies in order to keep copyright. Older Mickey Mouse was mischievious

Émile Cohl

Fantasmagorie (1908), The Man In the Moon (1908) and The Automatic Moving Company (1910 or 1912 with Romeo Bosetti). Émile Cohl was cartoonist, and animator, called "The Father of the Animated Cartoon" and "The Oldest Parisian"

Three Little Pigs (1935). Burt Gillette. Walt Disney Studios

First disney animation with a separate story department Great depression was going on Sent out a message, if we can work together we can beat the wolf Song is really popular Characters look the same, but acting was different for each character (animated differently) 3 strip technicolor - rich colors (at the time, only Disney cartoons would be made in 3-strip)

Fleischer's Tabletop Rig (c.1940)

Fleischer Studios Similar to the multiplane rig, but was filmed horizontally. Camera shoots ahead instead of downwards. With each exposure, the background was moved. Set in forced perspective.

Dizzy Dishes (1930)

Fleischer Studios Betty boop's first appearance

Koko's Earth Control (1927)

Fleischer Studios Inkwell series Starts with someone drawing the cartoon "Pose and shake" - believe characters shouldn't hold still

Snow White (1936)

Fleischer Studios, Roland Crandoll Not the Disney version, this is Betty Boop in Snow White Done in black and white Sung by Cab Calloway

Fiddlesticks (1930)

Flip the frog, the first film in color, Two strip technicolor Iwerks first film after leaving disney

Sinkin' In The Bathtub (1930)

Friz Freleng. First looney tune film Over-exaggerated mouth when talking Bosco supposed to be a Black character

Krazy Kat Goes A Wooing (1916)

George Herriman. Animation by Leon Searl. International Film Service Inc.

Winsor McCay

Gertie the Dinosaur (1914): interactive, the character has personality, gives the audience empathy, had emotion in it Nobody had made anything better for the next 15 years. The Sinking Of The Lusitania (1918) Sunk by German submarines, made the USA go to world war 1 Wanted propaganda to show America why they were in the war Moving things on a cell (clear plastic) and backgrounds on paper (came up with this idea) First animated film to feature visual effects War ended in 1918 and the film was finished and came out of them, so it didn't get a lot of notice Little Nemo (1911) Originally a comic Vitagraph Company = Blacktons Studio Early animation camera Squash-and-stretch style. Hand-colored. Timing was relatively realistic. Characters move in space! Have volume and weight. Have some sense of anatomy. Use of cycles - repeated actions

James Stuart Blackton

Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906).He was one of the first filmmakers to use the techniques of stop-motion and drawn animation, is considered a father of American animation, and was the first to bring many classic plays and books to the screen.

Bray Studios

John Randolph Bray produced over 500 films between 1914 and 1937, developing an animation "assembly line" and, with animator Earl Hurd, patenting the Bray-Hurd Process.

To Spring (1936)

MGM, William Hanna "Harmanising" This cartoon uses the bold and vibrant colors synonymous with springtime, and is an excellent example of the Technicolor process that was very popular at the time. Unconfirmed reason: Disney had failed in banning all other studios from using the technicolor process, so this was MGM sticking it to them Pencil mileage: extreme amount of detail in characters such as hair, wrinkles, clothes + lots of characters (20 in a single pan) shows how much $ the studio provided for this animation Inclusion of various races

Tantalizing Fly (1919)

Max Fleischer, Bray Studios Used the rotoscope Clown trying to catch a fly

Chauvet Cave Drawings

One of the first paintings that indicated movement 32,000 yrs old

Pat Sullivan Studios

Opened in 1916, the Sullivan studio was responsible for developing Felix the Cat, the most successful animated character of the silent era. Sullivan took the credit for Felix, though animator Otto Messmer directed and was the lead animator on all of the episodes.

Popeye The Sailor Meets Sindbad The Sailor (1936)

Paramount Pictures, Fleischer Studios is a two-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Popeye Color Feature series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on November 27, 1936 by Paramount Pictures. It was produced by Max Fleischer

Feline Follies (1919)

Pat Sullivan Wanted to make his own studio Paramount

The Oily Bird (1927)

Pat Sullivan, Otto Messmer. Story: Bird stealing some jewelry and is trying to frame Felix. strong silhouette - still able to read the action One of the reasons why Mickey Mouse becomes so popular Felix was the most popular silent film character

Dinner Time (1928)

Paul Terry and Terrytoons. first sound cartoon Butcher character = Farmer Alfalfa (took with Paul when he left Van Beuren Studios)

Farmer Alfalfa's Revenge (1916)

Paul Terry. Bray Studios Inc. black face character, prone to being caricatures. Very stereotypical (this was acceptable at the time period) Movable pegs to create the illusion of running with panning background

Emile Reynaud

Praxinoscope and Pauvre Pierrot via the Théâtre Optique.

George Pal Interview

Stop Motion-Replacement Technique Philips Broadcast Of 1938 (1938). George Pal Jasper = stereotypical Black kid, but one of the first to be depicted as a regular person rather than caricature. Characters carved outta wood.

Chinaman's Chance (1933)

Story: Opium den. Caricatures of Asians Pre code cartoon: hollywood code-> reason for why cartoons are more careful to censor and not show some things that aren't kid friendly Iwerks was a good animator/inventor but was not very good at making a story. Rubber hose characters - appendages are flexible

Book of the Dead

Subject matter: Hunefer was a scribe, provides instructions to get into the next life. Hunefer appears multiple times Suggests movement, like a storyboard.

Captain Grog Among Other Strange Creatures (1920)

Svenska Bio, Victor Bergdhal Made in Sweden Naturalistic, not so much caricatures

Paul Terry and Terrytoons

Terry was one of the most prolific animation producers, responsible for over 1,300 titles between 1915 and 1955, first with Bray, then Van Beuren and finally as head of his own studio.

Fleischer Rotoscope Test (c.1915)

Test of his idea for an animation aid Invented the rotoscope, film people, put it on a drawing table and trace them Fleischer danced around in from of the camera Sold that idea to bray

Georges Méliés:

The "father of visual effects." was a French illusionist and film director who led many technical and narrative developments in the earliest days of cinema. Méliès was well-known for the use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. "Lighting Change" 1899 "Stop trick" A lightning sketch - draw act on a blackboard "The Impossible Journey" 1904 "The Mysterious Retort" 1906 "Voyage to the Moon" Set in forced perspective - drawn on a wall, but seems like an extension of space.

Walt Disney Before Mickey

The Alice Comedies were series featuring a live-action tot named Alice (Real person) and a cartoon cast having adventures in an animated world. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was created by Ub Iwerks and Walt Disney for Universal Pictures. While re-negotiating production costs with his distributor, Charles Mintz, Walt lost the contract. Going forward, he resolved to ow

Władysław Starewicz

The Cameraman's Revenge (1912) was a Polish-Russian stop-motion animator notable as the author of the first puppet-animated film The Beautiful Leukanida (1912). He also used dead insects and other animals as protagonists of his films

Eadweard Muybridge

The Stanford experiments and work in human and animal locomotion.

Alice's Mysterious Mystery (1926)

Ub Iwerks Disney's first animated series Sometimes Alice is portrayed as a real actor, sometimes she's drawn as a cartoon.

The Band Concert (1935)

Walt Disney Studios The Band Concert is a 1935 American animated short film produced in 3-strip Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists. The 73rd short to feature Mickey Mouse, the film was the first Mickey Mouse film produced in color[2] and remains one of the most highly acclaimed of the Disney shorts. The story is about a small music band conducted by Mickey Mouse which struggles through a distraction-filled public performance. Mickey Mouse is a brand character. Characters make later appearances in other films (such as Donald Duck).

Flowers And Trees (1932)

Walt Disney Studios. Burt Gillette First cartoon in technicolor ( Three strip ) A rich color process A silly symphony Inanimate objects come to life

The Old Mill (1937)

Walt Disney, Disney Studios Technicolor A silly symphony

Mickey's Follies (1929)

Walt Disney, Ub Iweks 2nd mickey film where Mickey sings and speaks Exaggeration of the lip movements common for the era; sound introduced in film at the time, so movies would keep camera still on a character for dialogue

Ozzie Of The Mounted (1928)

Walt Disney, Ub Iwerks (Head animator of Disney, by 1926, Walt isn't doing animation, only stories) Oswald the bunny made by Walt Disney for universal (Disney able to get Oswald back later on) Face: silhouette points down the eyes. If you change the ears, you get Mickey or Felix. (As a result of losing Oswald, Mickey Mouse is created) Walt wanted a raise but didnt get it so left but had to surrender oswald to him So he made sure to have everything he makes a disney property therefore the birthe of mickey mouse Booty jokes

Peter Mark Roget's observation: Persistence of vision

When you see something your brain holds that image and when it is replaced with something else fast enough it will show both images

The Lost World (1925)

Willis O'Brien, Marcel Delgado Best animated dinosaurs at the time, grandaddy of dinosaur movies

George Pal

a Hungarian animator and film producer, developing a form of replacement stop-motion animation resulting in the Puppetoons series of films.

Carl Stalling

a composer and arranger for music in animated films, most known for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts produced by Warner Bros., but he also worked with Disney. His conversations with Disney led to the first Silly Symphonies cartoons.

Leon Schlesinger

a film producer, founding Leon Schlesinger Studios, which later became the Warner Bros. Cartoon Studio. Had a lisp that Daffys voice was based on. DEssszszszszszss's,s"pícable!!

Friz Freleng

animator, director and famous for his work on Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts. Freleng directed more cartoons than any other director in the studio (total of 266).

Phenakistiscope

c. 1830: Plateu and Stampfer. A spinning disc showing phases of animated movement. Was the first widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion. The phenakistiscope is regarded as one of the first forms of moving media entertainment that paved the way for the future motion picture and film industry

Greek Vase Painting

c.700 - 500 BCE Black Figure and Red Figure vases, illustrating attempts by the artists to depict movement. Depiction of multiple legs - the idea of animals running Like a series of animated movements

Ub Iwerks

co-created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Mickey Mouse with Walt Disney. Iwerks was responsible for the distinctive style of the earliest Disney animated cartoons. Iwerks opened his own studio in 1930.

Frederick Bean "Tex" Avery

did his most significant work for the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn Mayer studios, developing not only a recognizable, idiosyncratic style but also many of the studios' most influential characters.

Lil' Swee Pea (1936)

featuring Popeye the Sailor, at the time a star of the cartoons of Fleischer Studios. As is the case with all Fleischer shorts of the period, Dave Fleischer is credited as the director. The cartoon makes use of the Fleischers' stereoptical process, by which modeled sets provide three-dimensional backgrounds for the action of the film.

Max Wertheimer's Gestalt theory: The phi phenomenon

is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion.

Disney's Multiplane and Bambi (1942)

multiplane sequence For a long time this forest intro shot held the world record for longest shot. Next to the shot that killed bambi's mom The multiplane camera is a motion-picture camera used in the traditional animation process that moves a number of pieces of artwork past the camera at various speeds and at various distances from one another. This creates a sense of parallax or depth. The camera shoots down. Bambi was painted in oil on white glass.

William "Bill" Hanna

nimator, director and producer whose career began with Warner Bros, then MGM, partnering with Joe Barbera for the next 60 years, developing groundbreaking cartoons for television.

Boop Boop A Doop (1932)

produced by Fleischer Studios and released by Paramount Pictures. Betty Boop is a female character, a flapper. Pre-code era, depiction of sexual harassment

Astronomeous (1928)

sound post-synced. Pat Sullivan and Otto Mesmer Story: Felix the Cat is speaking to an audience, he shoots a harpoon into the air and gets dragged into space. Felix the Cat with sound. Take the silent cartoon and then add sound and music to it instead.

Myron "Grim" Natwick

was one of the few classically trained artists working in the earliest days of animation. He is best known for drawing the Fleischer Studio's character, Betty Boop, and was a lead animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Burt Gillette

was one of the main directors at the Disney studios, with two Academy Award winners, Flowers and Trees, and The Three Little Pigs, to his credit.