Another study guide for test #4

Information is carried away from the neuron cell body by the:

axon (nerve fibers)

The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are

Interneurons

Dorsal root ganglia contain:

cell bodies of peripheral skin and muscle receptor neurons.

The portion of a nerve cell which contains the nucleus and most of the metabolic machinery is called the:

cell body

A nerve

Is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse?

It breaks down acetylcholine

The protective membranes around the brain and the spinal cord are the

Meninges

The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the

Microglial Cell

Schwann cell membrane wrapped many times around an individual axon is called:

Myelin

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system is called a

Nerve

A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a

Nerve

Another name for nerve cell is:

neuron

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the

Oligodendrocyte

The gap between two adjacent myelin segments along an axon is called the:

node of Ranvier

During repolarization

Potassium ions move outside the neuron

The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called

Saltatory conduction

Within the perpheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is formed by

Schwann Cells

The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the ___________ division.

Sensory

What ion is found on the outside of the neuron membrane that mostly contributes to a positive resting potential?

Sodium

During depolorization

Sodium ions move inside the neuron

A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow _________ to flow into the neuron, causing the inside to become _______ charged.

Sodium, positively

What system keeps the neuron at resting potential?

Sodium-potassium pump

The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _________ division.

Somatic motor

The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the _________ division.

Somatic sensory

An action potential begins with a

Stimulus

The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the

Subarachnoid space

The small gap between two successive neurons is called the

Synaptic cleft

The element of a synapse which contains neurotransmitter receptors is called the:

postsynaptic membrane

The element of a synapse which contains binding sites for synaptic vesicles is called the:

presynaptic membrane

A site of communication between neurons is called a:

synapse

The element of a synapse across which neurotransmitter diffuses during synaptic transmission is called the:

synaptic cleft

The element of a synapse which contains neurotransmitter prior to release is called the:

synaptic vesicle

Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in

The anterior horns

A motor neuron carries impulse

To muscles and glands

An interneuron carries impulses

To the CNS

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system is called a:

Tract

The resting potential of a neuron is measured at

-70 millivolts

Which of the following ranges encompasses the length of a typical myelin segment (internode), between two nodes of Ranvier?

0.2 to 2 mm

There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves.

31

What flows across the synaptic cleft?

A neurotransmitter

Which disease is due, in part, to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain?

A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Alzheimer's disease (Your Answer) D. All of the choices are correct (Correct Answer)

Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter?

Acetylcholine

The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is the

Astrocyte

The most abundant glial cell in CNS is the

Astrocyte

Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body?

Axon

In which direction does the transmission cross a synapse?

Axon to dendrite

What triggers the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron vesicles?

Calcium ions

Which of the following contains the nucleus?

Cell body

What do the ventricles of the brain contain?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A ganglion is a

Cluster of neurosomas in the PNS

What does the action potential consist of ?

Depolarization

The tough outer meninx is the

Dura mater

Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from the superficial to deep?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid fills in the space between

Dural sheath and veterbral bones

The glial cell that helps to form cerebrospinal fluid is the

Ependymal cell

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by

Ependymal cells

Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue?

Glial cells and neurons

The condition is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by muscle weakness that begins in the distal limbs, but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well

Guillani-Barre syndrome

The glossy-white apperance of most axons is due to

The high lipid content of the myelin sheath

The cardiac, vasomotor and repiratory centers are found in

The medulla oblongata

The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in

The precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

What do all glial cells have in common?

They assist neurons in their respective functions

The neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) _________ neuron.

Visceral sensory

Tracts of myelinated axons in the CNS make up the

White matter

A resting membrane potential based on high internal K+ concentration, high external Na+ concentration, and differential permeability to these ions, occurs

along axon membrane. along dendrite membrane. along neuron cell body membrane. at postsynaptic membrane.

The principal region of the neuron for receiving information is the:

dendrite

The presence of myelin decreases the:

electrical capacitance of the axon membrane.

Peripheral axons which are enveloped by Schwann cell cytoplasm but are not wrapped by several layers of membrane are called:

unmyelinated nerve fibers.

Synaptic vesicles are most commonly located:

within presynaptic axon terminals.