ANS 1
The ______ is a network of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons that wrap around the aorta.
abdominal aortic plexus
Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a trace of dopamine?
addrenal medulla
The __________ nervous system consists entirely of neurons embedded in the wall of the digestive tract and does not originate from the brain or spinal cord.
enteric
The ______ communicating ramus carries unmyelinated sympathetic postganglionic fibers that exit the ganglion, enter a spinal nerve, and then travel to the target organ.
gray
Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers.
long, short
The nerves of the sympathetic nervous system arise from which regions of the spinal cord?
lumbar thoracic
The ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS are located ________.
near or within the target organs
In the sympathetic division of the ANS the ______ nerve fibers are long while the ______ fibers are short.
postganglionic, preganglionic
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers typically synapse with sympathetic chain ganglia unless they pass through, forming nerves that instead enter collateral ganglia.
splanchnic
The division of the ANS and the adrenal medulla develop from the same embryonic tissue.
sympathetic
The division of the ANS that has general and widespread effects is the division.
sympathetic
The division of the ANS that has relatively short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers is the ______ division.
sympathetic
In the ______ division of the ANS the preganglionic nerve fibers are short, while in the ______ division the preganglionic fibers are relatively long.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Neural divergence is extensive in the ______ division of the autonomic nervous system, while in the ______ division, divergence is minimal.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Within the ANS, the effects of the ______ division are often general and widespread, while in the _______ division the effects are more specific and local.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the ______ division as it arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
thoracolumbar
What are the characteristics of a visceral reflex?
unconscious, stereotyped, automatic
The communicating ramus contains myelinated preganglionic sympathetic axons that extend from the spinal nerve to the nearest sympathetic ganglion.
white
How many major collateral ganglia are found on the aorta?
3
What letter is the preganglionic nerve fiber labeled in the figure?
A
Which image is depicting somatic efferent innervation?
A (MUSCLE)
Which describes the sympathetic chain ganglia?
A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column
Which contains both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons that send nerves to the abdominal and pelvic organs?
Abdominal aortic plexus
What does the axon of a postganglionic neuron synapse with?
An effector
Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector?
Automnic
What is the background activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS called?
Autonomic tone
The adrenal gland has two parts, an outer rim called the and an inner portion called the .
Blank 1: adrenal Blank 2: cortex Blank 3: adrenal Blank 4: medulla
Which regions of the CNS does the parasympathetic division of the ANS arise from?
Brain Sacral spinal cord
From which regions of the CNS do the nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system arise?
Brainstem Sacral division of spinal cord
What are the three collateral ganglia of the abdominal plexus?
Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric
Which describes a preganglionic neuron in the ANS?
It has its cell body in the spinal cord or the brainstem and its axon terminates in a ganglion.
Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the _________horn of gray matter in the spinal cord.
LATERAL
Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers located in the spinal cord?
Lateral gray horn
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.
Oculomotor Facial Vagus Glossopharyngeal
Which division of the ANS is referred to as the "rest and digest" division?
Parasympathetic
After entering the sympathetic chain, preganglionic nerve fibers may do which of the following?
Pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, forming splanchnic nerves Immediately synapse with postganglionic fibers Move up or down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels
Which type of neurons make up the adrenal medulla?
Postganglionic sympathetic
Which parasympathetic fibers are found in the pelvic splanchnic nerves?
Preganglionic
Which are components of a visceral reflex arc?
Smooth muscle Afferent neurons Efferent neurons Receptor in the stomach
Which efferent pathway has a single nerve fiber extending from the CNS to effector?
Somatic
Which nervous system transmits only excitatory signals to effector cells?
Somatic nervous system
Which division of the ANS is associated with the "fight-or-flight" response?
Sympathetic
Which ganglia extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral column?
Sympathetic chain
From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise?
Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
Functions of the enteric nervous system include which of the following?
To regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes To regulate motility through the digestive tract
Which structures are innervated by parasympathetic fibers that arise from S2-S4?
Urinary bladder Rectum Reproductive organs
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.
VII III X IX
