ANSC 462 Exam 1 study guide

Interaction of growth rate and bull exposure influence the age of puberty.

A. True

Is it possible to determine the estrous cycle stages by looking at the Corpus luteum?

A. True

Prostaglandins are produced by all tissues of the body?

A. True

Short-day breeders are in anestrus during the spring and summer.

A. True

During the diestrus, which of the following events occur?

A. progesterone is high.

Prostaglandins are produced by all tissues of the body?

A. true

All steroid hormones are derived from which of the following compound (s)?

B. Cholesterol

Which of the following hormone stimulates female sexual behavior during estrus in cattle?

B. Estradiol

Which of the following hormone Stimulates female sexual behavior during estrus in cattle?

B. Estradiole

At which stage of the estrous cycle, the female permits the male to mount/mate her?

B. Estrus

A hormone is a substance that is released from any type of gland and acts as a catalyst.

B. False

A reduction in nutrition will not change the time of puberty in cattle.

B. False

Morphologically, the characteristics of the primary ovarian follicle are ________.

A. Oocytes surrounded by a single layer of flattened epithelial cells

At which stage of the estrous cycle in cows, the dominant follicles secrete massive amounts of estrogens?

A. Proestrus

Preovulatory LH surges induces which of the following hormone?

A. Progesterone

Which of the following hormone inhibits the secretion of LH during the luteal phase and during pregnancy in the sheep?

A. Progesterone

Which of the following hormone prevents uterine contractions and maintains uterine quiescence during pregnancy.

A. Progesterone

Which of the following hormone prevents uterine contractions and maintains uterine quiescence during pregnancy?

A. Progesterone

Among mammals, there are several distinct anatomical types of uteri. The type characterized by a uterine body without any uterine horns is known as the ___________uterus:

A. Simplex

Which of the following ligaments anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall?

A. Suspensory

Why polypeptide and protein hormones cannot be given orally?

A. They are made of peptide bonds which can be destroyed by acid in the stomach

Anterior pituitary gland is an example of a ductless gland.

A. True

During pregnancy, while progesterone is elevated, the hypothalamic surge is shut down, and the animals do not cycle.

A. True

Follicles with a higher number of LH receptors become preovulatory follicles.

A. True

GnRH is transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via ________.

A. hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

GnRH is transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via ________.

A. hypothalomo-hypophyseal portal system

Corpus luteum is formed by the mixtures of granulosa cells, theca cells, basement membrane, and oocytes.

B. False

Estrus synchronization by using two injections of PGF2α, animals display the sign of estrus within 1-5 days after the second injection. Is this variation in estrus behavior because of using different types of PGF2α prepared by different companies?

B. False

For prostaglandin hormones receptor is present in plasma and nuclear membrane.

B. False

Generally, cows have two follicular waves in one cycle; however, only one dominant follicle from both waves survive.

B. False

GnRH is released by the hypothalamus into the bloodstream where it travels first to the heart and then back through arteries to the anterior pituitary gland to have its effect.

B. False

The caruncle is present in both uterus and oviduct.

B. False

Increased serum concentration of progesterone inhibits ____________.

C. Both (a and b)

The birth control pill contains the hormones ____________ which prevent egg cells from being released.

C. Estrogen and progesterone

Which of the following hormone cannot be given orally?

C. Follicle-stimulating hormone

Going from the outside (exterior) to the inside, which of the following sequences is correct?

A. Vulva, cervix, oviduct, ovary

Which of the following is not an example of glycoprotein hormone?

C. GnRH and Prolactin

Male pheromone has also the capacity to advance female puberty in a number of species including sheep, goat, boar, and cattle.

A. True

Ovulation is considered as an inflammatory process.

A. True

Pheromones are chemical messengers that are transmitted between individual animals.

A. True

Placental lactogen causes growth and increased lactation from the mammary gland during the current pregnancy.

A. True

The anterior pituitary gland is an example of the ductless gland.

A. True

The function of eCG in the mare is to cause the formation of accessory CL.

A. True

The increase in LH begins the process that results in the rupture of the preovulatory follicle at Ovulation.

A. True

If you have a small cattle farm (less than 10 cows) with a good record-keeping track, including their previous estrous cycle. Which of the following estrus synchronization protocol will be more economical?

A. Using one injection PGF2α

The function of the ampulla is to direct the recently ovulated oocyte(s) directly into the oviduct.

B. False

The primary function of the infundibulum is to direct the ovulated oocyte into the uterus.

B. False

The production of spermatozoa is highly temperature-sensitive and is produced at normal 37o C body temperature.

B. False

Which one of the following is the characteristic of corpus Albicans?

B. The regressed corpus luteum

The action of progesterone on a target cell involves which of the following sequence of events?

B. binding to a nuclear receptor, mRNA transcription, and new protein synthesis

After learning about the reproductive cycle in cows, you came to know that there are cyclic changes in the ovaries, uterus, hormonal concentrations in the blood, mammary gland development, and behavior changes.

B. False

After the onset of puberty in female, there is several LH surge within a cycle.

B. False

All mammalian females have only one follicular wave in one reproductive cycle.

B. False

Around the ovulation, stringy bloody mucus is secreted by the bovine cervix.

B. False

GnRH stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH from the posterior pituitary gland.

B. False

If you insert CIDR intravaginally into a cow, it takes a few days to absorb progesterone and reach the peak in the blood circulation.

B. False

In the female, the surge center develops right before the animal reaches puberty.

B. False

In the male, alpha fetal protein binds testosterone and prevents testosterone from entering the brain. The GnRH surge center will then not develop as it requires testosterone conversion to estradiol?

B. False

Once heifers reach puberty, they can produce oocytes required for fertilization. As a dairy farm consultant, would you recommend farmers to breed cows immediately after they reach puberty?

B. False

Just like in the cow, the primate uterus releases prostaglandin that leads to the regression of the corpus luteum.

B. Flase

Which cell in the testes produces the male hormone, testosterone?

B. Leydig Cell

The section of the broad ligament that suspends the uterus is the

B. Mesometrium

Which of the following structure in the male reproductive tract is function as a delivery system?

B. Penis

Which of the following statement is true regarding protein and steroid hormones receptors binding site?

B. Protein hormones bind to plasma membrane receptor whereas steroid hormones mostly bind to nuclear receptors.

One of the primary steps required for the cows to return in the cycle is ______.

B. Regression of corpus luteum

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a hormone?

B. Secreted by exocrine glands

Which is NOT among the primary functions of the uterus?

C. Stimulation of sperm motility

The 2-cell, 2-gonadotrophin model for estradiol synthesis involves which of the following two cells in the ovarian follicles?

C. Theca interna and granulosa cells

The hypothalamus function (s) as________________.

C. both

Hormonal potency is influenced by_______________.

C. both (a and b)

The hormone is also considered as the first messenger. Which of the following is the second messenger to mediate hormonal actions?

C. both (a and b)

Which of the following is not an example of reproductive hormone?

D. Antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland

Progesterone has several functions for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and is also known as the hormone of pregnancy. What progesterone does during the pregnancy?

E. All of the above

Which of the following species have polyestrous cycles throughout the year?

A. Bovine

Which of the following hormones have a cAMP second messenger molecular mechanism of action?

A. LH

In which of the following species does ovulation occur at only one place on the surface of the ovary?

A. Mare

Which of the following sentences is correct?

A. Melatonin enhances GnRH synthesis in sheep whereas suppressing GnRH synthesis in the horse.

Glucose availability in adult sheep influences LH secretion.

A. True

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system caries hypothalamic hormones specifically to the anterior pituitary after dilution in the systemic blood.

A. True

In cows, PGF2a is picked up by the ovarian artery through counter-current exchange and delivered back to the ovary, where it causes lysis of the CL.

A. True

Which of the following hormone (s) can be used to induce parturition?

C. Oxytocin

At which stage of the estrous cycle, corpus hemorrhagicum is present on the ovary?

C. Metestrus

Where is Prolactin secreted from?

A. Anterior Pituitary Gland

In most species, ovulation usually occurs near the end of the estrus stage, except in cows.

A. True

Why was Aristotle important for reproductive physiology because?

C. He was the first to systematically describe reproduction.

Which part of the uterus does the endometrium belong to?

C. Mucosa

The Fallopian Tube is another name for the:

C. Oviduct

The "egg hill" found in the tertiary (Graafian) follicles is also known as the:

D. Cumulus oophorus

At which stage of the estrous cycle, progesterone inhibits GnRH release from the hypothalamus?

D. Diestrus

At which stage of the estrous cycle, the corpus luteum is fully functional and producing progesterone?

D. Diestrus

Among mammals, there are several distinct anatomical types of uteri. The type characterized by two separate cervices is known as the ____________ uterus:

D. Duplex

Which of the following statements is correct?

D. Endocrine glands secrete substances into to blood system

The hormone is responsible for the recruitment of follicles into the early growing stage (selection) of folliculogenesis is _____________.

D. FSH

Who is the author of your reproduction textbook?

D. PL Senger

Which of the following is not an example of an endocrine gland?

D. Pancreas

Which type of ovarian follicle is most likely to ovulate?

D. Tertiary (Graafian Follicle)

Which best describes the corpus hemorrhagicum?

D. The remnants of a recently ovulated tertiary follicle

Functions of oxytocin are___________.

D. all of the above

The onset of puberty is influenced by several factors. Different breeds within the same species have different age of onset of puberty, which is an example of __________.

D. genetic influence on the puberty

Which of the following is the primary sex organ of the female?

E. Ovary