Ansci 100 Exam 4

What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)?

- Mad cow disease. - Mutated protein in the brain that causes neurological dysfunction. - It is the primary source of contamination from animals consuming meat/bone meal as a protein food source

Profit equation for beef production

- low cost production - high reproductive efficiency - rapid growth rte cattle -production of a quality product

feeding objectives

- maximize cattle growth on low cost diets - utilize growth enhancers, implants, antibiotics

how many acres do you need per cow for grazing?

1-2

average daily gain for pig

1.5 to 2 lbs per day

how long can sheep live?

10 years or more

hair/shedding sheep

100 million in the world, mostly around the equator, spreading to other areas

body temp of sheep

103

finisher pig weight

120 lbs

Market beef animal weight and age?

1300 at 12-18 months

when are piglets weaned

14-21 days old

number of piglets weaned per sow per year

16 to 25

age at slaughter

160 to 200 days

number of litters per sow per year

2 to 2.4

Average amount of cows for a producer in Illinois?

20

what is the weaning age of pigs (separating pig from mother)

21 days

at what weight is a pig sold for slaughter?

220-300 lbs

feed conversion factor

3 to 3.5 lbs feed per 1 lb gained

how long does labor last in a sow

30 min- 5 hrs

number of pig breeds

300-400

grower pig weight

40-120lbs

feeder pig weight

40-60 lbs

How many sheep are there in the united states?

5 million

how long is gestation in sheep

5 months

when do sheep reach puberty?

5 to 8 months of age

average life span of sheep

5-6 years

How many pounds are in a bushel of corn?

56 lbs

feed cost is nearly _____ of yearly cow costs

60%

feed for pigs accounts for ____ of total production costs

65-80%

sheep teeth

8 teeth on front of bottom jaw, no teeth on top of top jaw, 32 teeth in all - 26 molars on back top and bottom jaws

number of piglets weaned per litter

8 to 11

how many sheep are there in the world?

800 millon

What temperature should meat be cooked at?

>160 degrees

at what age do pigs reach maturity?

about 180 days

growth implants

adjust pituitary activity to modify cellular level activity resulting in increased synthesis of muscular tissue

Factors influencing the energy requirements of the sow

age and weight, system of management, environmental conditions, litter size, piglet age at weaning

who is the leading wool producer?

australia

two most important countries for international trade

australia and new zealand

british breeds

average size, strong maternal traits, high carcass quality, average muscle

ranching industry

based on mating white-faced ewes, sheep are moved to feedlots

when are lambs usually docked

by 10 days of age

leading sheep milk producer

china

who has the most sheep?

china

clip, dip, strip, sip

clip navel of lamb so it does drag in the bedding, dip navel stump in iodine to dry it up, strip the teats of ewe to be she has and can deliver milk, let lamb nurse

difference between commodity beef and branded products

commodity is produced traditionally with no specific changed practices and branded products have specified production practices to differentiate the product

reasons for swine production in illinois

corn and soybeans, experienced producers and employees, available finance, population based markets

maternal heterois improves

cow fertility, milk production, calf survival rates, calf growth

farrowing nutrition for sow

do not feed 12-24 hours after farrowing,

when are most lambs born

feb - may

rotational crossbreeding

female maintained as crossbred by the use of different sire breeds in each generation

rotational grazing

forces cows to eat the grass at the right time by fencing areas off

leading sheep cheese producer

greece

white faced characteristics

gregarious, usually have high quality wool, long lives, good mothers, most have merino blood

50-60% of all the meat we consume is what?

ground beef

which breed is becoming more important?

hair sheep

brahman breeds

heat tolerant, disease parasite resistant, dont grow that fast, meat is tougher, have behavioral problems

crossbreeding takes advantage of

heterosis (hybrid vigor)

AI benefits for swine

high efficiency, fast introduction of genetics, low risk of diseases being transferred, eliminate need for space, labor, feed, ect. collection is twice weekly and given to 8-10 sows

continental breeds

high growth rate, average carcass muscle, average maternal

organic brands

highly regulated, cattle must be fed 100% organic feed , no growth hormones or antibiotics, 25-40% more expensive

where is the most sheep production?

in the west, leading state is texas

US and World Per Capita Consumption of pork has

increased

What do body condition scores do?

indicate nutritional status of cows

What does beef meat excel in?

iron, zinc, B vitamins, protein

goals of sow feeding and management

larger litter size, increased ovulation rate, increase conception rate, decrease embryo mortality, decrease pre-weaning mortality,

large producers are

more efficient than small producers

USDA definition of natural beef

no artificial ingredients, minimally processed

body condition scoring for pigs

off of a 5 point scale 1 - poor, 2 - moderate, 3 - good, 4 - very good, 5 - fat

how many times a year are sheep shorn?

once

production systems for pigs

outdoor production - labor intensive, more acres of land, low capitol investment indoor production - less labor, less land, high capitol investment, easier handling animals, more direct observation of animals

crossbreeding - heterosis definition

performance of progeny exceeds the average of the two parent breeds

black faced sheep

ram or sire breeds faster growing, heavier muscled, large mature size

ewe breeds in the US

rambouillet, columbia, targhee, poly pay, dorset

farrowing management for sow

should be dewormed and vaccinated in gestation (2-4 wks) prior to farrowing, clean and disinfect and DRY farrowing facility prior to sows going in there, wash udders, at 109-110 days of gestation place sow in farrowing crate, be present during farrowing process

farming industry

small numbers in fenced pastures, lambs born and raised on the same farm

terminal sire crossbreeding steps

step 1 - develop a crossbred step 2 - breed x-bred cows to a sire (terminal) that excels in market trait animals

Why use AI?

superior genetics

What determines the price of beef?

supply and demand

feedlots are becoming bigger

the larger it is, the lower the individual price per cow large scale production is about 15% cheaper and more efficient than the average small feed lot

how big micron diameter

varies from 10 to 70 smaller the number, finer the wool

Where are most of the cattle farms located?

west of the Mississippi because cheaper land and not very populated

boars feeding

young boars - 5-6 lbs per day, mature boars - 4-5 lbs per day corn/soy based diet with 14% protein