ANTH 1003
Becoming Human: According to a technique called the "molecular clock," humans and chimpanzees last shared a common ancestor about ________ years ago
5 to 7 million
YOU GOT THIS BITCH
;)
Who are the Narcerima?
Americans
The famous group of hominins known as the Neanderthals is included in which of the following groups?
Archaic Homo sapiens
The progression of ancestral forms leading to modern-day humans, the earliest being first, is which of the following sequences?
Australopithecines - Homo habilis - Homo erectus - Homo sapiens
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", which of the following is NOT typical of child-rearing practices in the United States.
Bed-sharing with child
The Origin of the Species was written by:
Charles Darwin
Studying another culture from its own point of view without imposing our own cultural values is known as:
Cultural Relativism
Which of the following is NOT a concept key to the human culture as discussed in the lecture?
Culture is isolated
According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow?
Dark fur
The idea of biological evolution was first proposed by
Darwin in the late 1700s
Which of the following is NOT studied by anthropologists?; dino bones, primates, human culture, or froensics
Dinosaur bones
who is responsible for the theory of social evolution
E.B. Tylor
All humans are born with some culture.
False
Anthropologists have always approached a problem by focusing on only one subfield of anthropology and not considering any of the others, at all.
False
Behavioral ecology uses a comparative approach to evaluate differences among primates.
False
Cultural anthropologists use just three methods
False
In order to truly practice cultural relativism, one could never make a judgement on what is right and wrong.
False
It is easy to identify direct causal links between genes and behavior.
False
The term hominin refers to humans and great apes.
False
In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community.
False; In science, a theory is a well-supported, well-tested statement about how something works.
How would you describe Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories?
He studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization).
According Becoming Human (and Daniel Lieberman), the most compelling hypothesis for why bipedalism developed in early hominins is
It conserved energy
Besides fossilized skeletal remains, what other evidence indicates bipedalism in Australopithecus afarensis?
Laetoli Footprints
The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is:
Linnaeus
According to the lecture, which school of anthropological thought stresses the interrelationship among the natural conditions in the environment and society?
Neo-evolutionism
What is the tool tradition associated with Homo habilis?
Oldowan
The ability to touch the thumb with the tips of the other fingers on the same hand is called:
Opposability
In archaeology, this is a division of prehistory based on gross changes in subsistence patterns, climatic changes, housing and burial styles, etc.
Period
Which of the following is NOT a part of a human's taxonomic classification?
Plattyrhine
The argument that modern H. sapiens appeared as a new species in Africa about 200,000 years ago is called the
Recent African Origin model
The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is
Renato Rosaldo
In Becoming Human, Zeray Alemseged named the Australopithecus afarensis child he found in Ethiopia
Selam
Which of the following is NOT evidence of early hominin bipedalism in the fossil record (as discussed in the presentation)?
Strong clavicle
How, in general, does Marvin Harris explain the biblical dietary laws?
They resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations
A critical reason for taking field notes is that there may be a long lag time between fieldwork and writing and publishing about it.
True
Archaeologists are making a mistake when they clean samples of potsherds for analysis.
True
Males and females in a given primate population may be co-dominant.
True
According to "Our Babies Ourselves", the goal of child-rearing in any society is to make the child:
a culturally appropriate adult
The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that all life was arranged in
a great chain of being
One important adaptation found in New World monkeys is the presence of
a prehensile tail
Which project would likely require the assistance of a geomorphologist?
a study of landscape change
archbioship james ussher calculated the age of the earth at about
about 6000 years ago
Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called
action research
an evolutionary perspective on variations in physical traits reflects
adaptive changes
One of the methods that archaeologists can use to determine potentially useful areas to excavate involves the use of
aerial surveys, surface surveys, regional surveys, GIS systems
One of the useful results of a phylogeny is to show that
all lineages share a common history, and thus some organisms are "more evolved"
In which of the following locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing fieldwork?
any of the above; a factory, a mental institution, a New York City neighborhood, the Amazon rain forest
the sub field of anthropolgy that studies the material reamains of past cultures is called
archaeology
According to "our babies ourselves", which of the following is not typical of a child rearing practices in the USA; bottle-feeding over breast-feeding, bed-sharing with child, longer periods of crying to teach a child self reliance, adults supervision of small children
bed-sharing with child
The evolution of the tail among New World monkeys reflects an adaptation to their environment and would be of interest to a
behavioral ecologist
Which of the following traits is unique to hominins and NOT found in other primates?
bipedalism
the thinker who developed the theory of evolution by means of natural selection in the 19th century was
charles darwin
the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called
cultural anthropology
Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best described as
ethnocentrism
If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would most likely focus on
everyday interactions
the refinement of Darwin's theory has shown that
evolution ca only be measured or seen across generations within a population
Cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences
false
People rarely hold conflicting values
false
The taxonomic ordering of Homo erectus has been completely resolved through careful fossil analysis.
false
When considering other hominins, culture is only found among modern humans (Homo sapien sapiens)
false
All the characteristics listed below are common behavior patterns found in all primates except
father-son bond
A form of non-portable material culture that a human has made and modified is called a/an____________.
feature
"evolution as fact and theory" uses all the following are arguments to support evolution as fact EXCEPT; the abundant direct observational evidence of evolution in action from the lab and field, the imperfection of nature reveals that evolution occurred as there are many examples of species that could have been better designed by an engineer, transitional forms found in the fossil record, genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimps
genetic evidence proving modern humans descended from chimps
Uniformitarianism is the idea that change occurs:
gradually and through the result of processes that are still observable today.
Alfred Russell Wallace is known for:
hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin
Which of the following is not one of the key benefits of full-time bipedalism? carrying objects, increases speed against predators, visual surveillance
increases speed against predators
What process involves shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one?
industrialization
the success of simple life forms such as bacteria challenges one of the early ideas about evolution because
it demonstrates the oversimplification that comes from thinking humans are more highly evolved.
Among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves
learning the local language, becoming involved in peoples lives, spending a significant amount of time in the field
The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called
linguistic anthropology
Which skeletal feature is paleoanthropologists' best indicator of bipedalism in a fossil?
location of the foramen magnum
In some species of primates, females and their relatives and young are socially organized around
matrifocal units
Darwin's idea about the major process of evolution is called:
natural selection
if you observed gradual changes in environmental temperature and, at the same time, observed that there were changes in the phenotype of a butterfly species over fifteen generation, which theory might best help explain what is going on?
natural selection
the process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment
natural selection
The influence of figures like Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Galileo Galilei on the intellectual history of evolution is that they showed the importance of
observing nature and using evidence to build knowledge
if you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in
paleoanthropology
which of the following is not one of the four major subfields of anthropology: physical/biological, lingustics, paleontology, or archaeology
paleontology
Norms are stable because
people learn them when they are young
If you discovered an ancient hominin with megadontia and a dental grinding structure similar to Paranthropus you might suggest that the diet of this hominin was
predominantly plant based
ethnocentrism
presents a major problem for anthropologists, means you think your culture is superior to others, is a common feature of culture
Sickle-cell anemia, a blood cell mutation, takes a toll on those afflicted, but is an example of a mutation that may also be useful because it
provides resistance to malaria in the tropics
Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing
quantitative data
A dominance hierarchy exists when members of the same group have
ranking relative to others that establish access to resources
Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants
reasons for doing the research
According to "our babies ourselves", which of the following is not one of the "3Rs" of child rearing in dutch society: respect, rest, regularity, cleanliness
respect
Paleoanthropologists believe that the predominant diet of our earliest omnivorous ancestors consisted mostly of
roots, tubers, and fruits
The law of superposition says that
sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top
Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except
sense of smell
The ability to document changes in pottery styles in non-living societies happens through
seriation
What kind of data do anthropologists gather from doing interviews?
terms for biological species, details about court cases, life histories, opinions on upcoming elections
Evolution as Fact and Theory: The article states scientific creationism is not scientific because it is not ___________.
testable
according to the lecture in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific it must be
testable
One compelling argument that favors the adaptation of bipedalism and the ability to run long distances is that early hominins, unlike many of the animals they sought as prey, had
the ability to sweat
The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture
through systematic connections of different parts
Culture can be transmitted virtually through the internet in addition to face-to-face interaction
true
Neanderthals and modern humans share the same genus and species classification (Homo sapien)
true
A word that best describes participant observation is
unstructured