Anthro Exam 3 (final exam)

True or False: The Younger Dryas is a period of sudden warming in the post-ice age world.

False

True or False: Hydraulic despotism is the theory that empires were built around control water resources by all-powerful leader.

True

True or False: Norms are acceptable behaviors.

True

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as a.) Customs b.) Norms c.) Traditions d.) Symbols

c.) Traditions

What we know about ancient despots is affected by the fact that a.) Scribes at that time did not use the same script from one year to the next b.) Archeologists do not completely understand the written language used at that time c.) The despots exerted control over what was written d.) All of the above

c.) The despots exerted control over what was written

Archaeologists are able to infer social distinctions through analysis of a.) Monuments b.) Land use patterns c.) Mortuary practices d.) All of the above

d.) All of the above

Diseases associated with the first epidemiological transition are partly due to a.) Using feces as fertilizer b.) A shift from a varied, well-balance diet to one with fewer types of food c.) Domestic animals increased contact with insect vectors d.) All of the above

d.) All of the above

True or False: The Mesolithic is a cultural period characterized by the adoption of agriculture.

False

True or False: The ancient Pueblo peoples disappeared due to environmental collapse.

False

Direct constraints are a.) Acceptable ways of behaving b.) Punishments for inappropriate behaviors c.) Outside the range of acceptable behavior d.) None of the above

b.) Punishments for inappropriate behaviors

Which is not put forth as a possible reason for broad- spectrum collecting? a.) Population growth b.) Overkill c.) Climate change d.) Average height of the population

d.) Average height of the population

Standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior are referred to by social scientists as a.) Major rules b.) Mores c.) Laws d.) Norms

d.) Norms

True or False: An understanding of the germ theory of disease is partly responsible for the second epidemiological transition.

False

True or False: Cats are the earliest domesticated animal.

False

True or False: Cultural relativism is regarding other cultures as inferior.

False

True or False: Culture never changes.

False

True or False: Culture is generally adaptive.

True

True or False: With the adoption of agriculture, human populations experienced periodic food shortages and famines.

True

A key requirement for the formation of a complex society is a.) An increased degree of sedentism b.) An increased intensity of food production c.) Increased numbers of hunters d.) Increased numbers of complex trade networks

b.) An increased intensity of food production

The anthropological attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be described objectively and understood in the context of that society's problems and opportunities its called a.) Empathetic b.) Cultural relativism c.) Humanistic d.) Ethnocentrism

b.) Cultural relativism

Hypothesized reasons for the decline and collapse of prehistoric states include: a.) Lack of a strong central institution b.) Environmental change c.) More powerful enemies d.) All of the above

d.) All of the above

True or False: Domestication of dogs predates agriculture and domestication of "food" animals

True

True or False: Social complexity can be inferred from burial patterns.

True

True or False: Symbols are remembered.

True

True or False: The "collapse" of Mesa Verde may have been a strategy of the Anasazi to migrate and take advantage of opportunities elsewhere.

True

Complex societies are characterized by a.) Centralized political control b.) Equality in wealth, power, and prestige c.) Small populations d.) All of the above

a.) Centralized political control

The ideal culture patterns of a society a.) Consist of the ideas people have about how they ought to behave b.) Consist of the cultural patterns that most people always exhibit c.) Generally reflect the way a society was in the past d.) Are usually followed by the most respected members of a community, though not necessarily by others

a.) Consist of the ideas people have about how they ought to behave

Values are a.) Expressions of desirable principles or qualities b.) Typical patterns of behavior c.) Something that arbitrarily stands for something d.) All of the above

a.) Expressions of desirable principles or qualities

Culture is a.) Learned and shared b.) Inherited c.) Static and unchanging d.) A product of individual psychology

a.) Learned and shared

The Production Model for the development of states assumes a.) New social roles for craftspeople b.) People want objects, food, or raw materials c.) Trade creates alliances between groups d.) All of the above

a.) New social roles for craftspeople

Archeologists speak of domestication only when there is evidence that plants and animals show a ___________ wild plants and animals a.) Similarity to b.) Difference from c.) Relationship with d.) None of the above

b.) Difference from

Zoonotic diseases are diseases that a.) Infect only animals b.) Have animals as the primary host c.) Occur in only domestic animals d.) All of the above

b.) Have animals as the primary host

The decline in human stature in the post-paleolithic period has been attributed to a.) Better and more varied diet b.) Less selection pressure for large bodies ton throw spears c.) The hunting megafauna d.) All of the above

b.) Less selection pressure for large bodies ton throw spears

To explain the Hebrew prohibition against pork as a reaction to pigs not fitting stereotypes about how animals behave is a _________ explanation a.) Materialistic b.) Symbolic c.) Ethnocentric d.) None of the above

b.) Symbolic

The third epidemiological transition is associated with a.) The rise of chronic and degenerative diseases b.) The adaption of microbes to our cultural practices c.) The reemergence of zoonotic diseases d.) The establishment of public health measures

b.) The adaption of microbes to our cultural practices

Informant's statements about culture may not always true because a.) Culture is difficult to talk about b.) The informant may lack a full understanding of his/her culture c.) The anthropologist may not have understood the informant correctly d.) All of the above

b.) The informant may lack a full understanding of his/her culture

Diseases in urban populations are primarily due to a.) Changes in the environment b.) A shift from a well-balanced diet to one fewer types of food c.) Establishment of populations large enough to maintain disease in endemic from d.) All of the above

c.) Establishment of populations large enough to maintain disease in endemic from

Societies with political and economic control over a territory and its inhabitants are called a.) Cities b.) City-states c.) States d.) Empires

c.) States

The rise in populations growth that accompanies the adoption of agriculture can partly be explained by a.) Longer birth spacing b.) The economic costs of children c.) Use of supplementary foods for nursing infants d.) None of the above

c.) Use of supplementary foods for nursing infants

Symbols a.) Are particularly stable b.) Are easily remembered c.) Preserve a culture's conventional meanings d.) All of the above

d.) All of the above

The Mesolithic is characterized by a.) Broad spectrum collecting b.) Microliths c.) More sedentary populations d.) All of the above

d.) All of the above

The rise of food production led to a.) Accelerated population growth b.) Declining health c.) Elaboration of material possessions d.) All of the above

d.) All of the above

Archeologists are able to infer social inequality through a.) Settlement patterns b.) Burial practices c.) Artifact distributions d.) All the above

d.) All the above

The Natufians did all of the following EXCEPT a.) Live in pit houses b.) Have village cemeteries c.) Were the first to store extra grain d.) Did not exploit any other natural resources besides grain

d.) Did not exploit any other natural resources besides grain

A pandemic is a.) A sudden raise in the number of new cases of a disease b.) Diseases that are caused by animals c.) Diseases that are always present in a population d.) None of the above

d.) None of the above