Anthro test 2
Linguistic anthropologists have found that language can be connected in complex ways to political and economic power. Niloofar Haeri, who studied the use of language in Cairo, Egypt, found that wealthy elites lacked knowledge of _______________ and had to depend on the knowledge possessed by their secretaries and clerks.
Classical Arabic, a language no one speaks as a first language, and must be learned in schoo
Which scholar believes that language is the symbolic guide to culture?
Edward Sapir
The enclosure movement took place in which country?
England
Who developed theories of language that distinguished between langue and parole?
Ferdinand de Saussure
Urban dwellers marked changes in class through beer consumption in which country?
Ghana
Latin and other Romance languages shared a common linguistic ancestor. The development of different languages from this linguistic ancestor is described by
Grimm's law
Benjamin Whorf studied language among the
Hopi Native Americans.
Where was the "Green Belt Movement" tree planting initiative?
Kenya
Inequality is most closely connected to which economic theory?
Marxism
Which anthropologist argued that Jewish dietary laws are intended to transmit piety?
Mary Douglass
What does neoclassical economic theory argue?
People make decisions to allocate resources such as time, labor, and money in order to maximize their personal satisfaction..
In order to make large amounts of land available to cattle ranchers in the West, the government passed which law?
Taylor Grazing Act.
Washo is
The chimp who has learned more than four hundred American Sign Language signs and can make short sentences.
What does substantivist economic theory argue?
The daily transactions people actually engage in to get what they need or desire are an important part of the economy..
A creole language is
a language of mixed origin that developed from complex blending of two parent languages.
A pidgin language is
a mixed language with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue.
Localization is
a phenomenon whereby greater global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves.
Development is
a set of institutions ostensibly aimed at alleviating problems.
power is
about how people manage social relationships through force, influence, persuasion, and control over resources.
A metaphor is
an implicit comparison of words or things that emphasize the similarities between them.
Anthropologists who look at the negative aspects of development are
anthropologists of development
Anthropologist Karen Hansen studied the "salaula" market, in which t-shirts are produced in one part of the world, worn first in another, and then sold secondhand in poor countries like Zambia. She found that
because salaula is so inexpensive, it undermines the development of the local clothing industry
Animals communicate through
call systems
Cognate words
came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word
Franz Boas and many of his students described themselves as "diffusionionists," meaning they believed
cultural characteristics develop because of a society's internal historical dynamics or because they have spread from other societies.
U.S. president Harry Truman defined the world in what binary?
developed-underdeveloped.
The expansion of capitalist markets is a feature of
development
Anthropologist Sydney Mintz observed that most people around the world
eat a common patterned diet of core-legume-fringe foods
The changing nature of work throughout the world is studied by
economic anthropologists
Which movement or event criminalized farmers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
enclosure
Frank and Wallerstein developed a theory that distinguishes between which types of countries?
enter and periphery.
Kenya's green belt movement, supported by Wangari Maathai, is a good example of
environmental anthropology
Saussure's concept of langue is
formal rule of language
William Labov argues that language in U.S. cities is increasingly
heterogeneous.
Ethnoscience is the study of
how people variously classify things in the world around them.
Colonialism is an important contributing factor to
hybrid language forms.
The idea that nature must be uninhabited by people
is the dominant model for administering protected environmental areas.
Adjudication
is the legal process by which an individual or council with socially recognized authority intervenes in a dispute and unilaterally makes a decision.
The notions people have about the superiority of one dialect or language and the inferiority of others are
language idealology
The combination of language, morality, and identity is called
language ideology.
Immigrants are people who
leave their country with no expectation of returning.
Migrants are people who
leave their home to work for a time in other regions or countries.
A commodity chain is
linked elements that contribute to the manufacture of an object.
A summarizing symbol is
one that aggregates a variety of meanings and experiences and links them to a single sign.
What relationship between nature and human does Western (or that most familiar to most Americans) thought emphasize?
oppositional
Age-grades
organize men into generational groups among the Maasai.
The "Sapir-Whorf hypothesis" argues that
people who speak different languages actually do perceive and experience the world differently.
Transhumance is
regular seasonal movement in relation to an ecological need.
Philologists
study how languages change over long periods of time
E. E. Evans-Pritchard described the system of segmentary lineage among
the Nuer
Philology is
the approach that compares ancient texts and documents to analyze long-term linguistic change.
An example of a powerful language ideology that has been researched by Jane Hill is
the use of Mock Spanish.
One of the primary reasons indigenous leaders have criticized the dominant model for administering protected environmental areas is
they assume nature must be uninhabited by people
Eric Wolf encouraged other anthropologists
to see societies as having been linked to other societies for hundreds of years
A primary different between economists and economic anthropologists is that economists
try to understand and predict economic patterns
Saussure's concept of parole is the
way language is used in society
