Anthropology Chapter 1

The nineteenth-century British anthropologist who is credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective where the most evolved societies resembled the British societies in which he lived was:

E. B. Tylor

The scientific method is a central part of anthropology. Order the steps below to reflect the approach that one would take to follow this method.

Observation of fact. Construction of a hypothesis. Hypothesis is tested with experiments. Other scientists attempt to reprod

The process of an anthropologist living in a community, learning a local language, studying aspects of a community, and recording information about the people is called ___________.

anthropological fieldwork

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

__________________ is the study of human beings, their biology, their prehistory and histories, and their changing languages, cultures, and social institutions.

anthropology

__________, which are moral questions of right and wrong, are important to anthropologists.

ethics

_______________ is the form of bias where one assumes that his or her way of doing things is the best while dismissing others.

ethnocentrism

____________ refers to the adaptive changes organisms make across generations.

evolution

Since Coca-Cola, Levi's jeans, McDonalds, and CNN are fairly global business, human diversity is in dramatic decline. This means that we will have far less cultural diversity in future generations.

false

The U.S. Government hired anthropologists as part of their Human Terrain System in Iraq and Afghanistan. The American Anthropology Association accepted the use of anthropologists in conflict since "one anthropologist can be much more effective than a B2 bomber--not winning a war, but creating a peace one Afghan at a time."

false

The movement away from farming toward factory economies only produced limited cultural impact on people's daily lives

false

Anthropologists tend to work across many disciplines including the four-fields of anthropology in order to more deeply understand a topic or a population of people. This notion of bringing together many areas of study to understand human experience is known as _____________.

holism

The practice of anthropologists explaining their research and being clear about the risks involved is called (two words):

informed consent

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is:

natural selection

Interviews, intensive observation, and participation to produce detailed descriptions of social behaviors and beliefs are examples of the ___________ method.

qualitative

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to:

the people or species they study

James McKenna's study that discovered that co-sleeping assists with an infant's development is an example of biological anthropology.

true

Most anthropologists argue that one should withhold judgment about other populations in order to better understand them. The practice of remining unbiased or neutral is referred to as cultural relativism.

true

Renato Rosaldo's research among the Ilongot only made sense after the his wife passed away, and he came to realize the force and importance of emotions in social life.

true

To establish effective trade and alliances between groups it is important that individuals understand human differences across cultures and groups. In other words trade and peace can be more effective if we better understand human variation.

true