Anthropology Mideterm

What percentage of known societies has rules regulating that sexual involvement only take place within marriage?

15

What is evolutionary medicine?

A branch of medical anthropology that uses evolutionary principles to contribute to human health

Which of the following includes definitions and explanations of objects, spatial orientation, and temporal orientation, as well as culturally defined values, ideals, and standards that provide an individual with a normative orientation?

Behavioral environment

Which of the following is not one of the four branches of anthropology?

Biology

For human development, which came first?

Bipedalism

Which of the following is not a primate?

Black bears

Which of the following primates is the only one known to use mediators in conflict resolution?

Chimpanzees

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Culture is biologically inherited

Which of the following sensory capacities is not typically associated with primates?

Development of broad, grasping claws

What do we call a system in which goods are produced, distributed, and consumed?

Economic

All societies have cultural rules to regulate sexual relations.

False

American children are among the earliest to develop a concept of self because of the high level of social stimulation they receive.

False

Anthropologists have found that gifts are spontaneous expressions of love and friendship.

False

Food producers have less craft specialization than food foragers.

False

If a group is well adapted to its environment, it will never change as long as conditions remain the same.

False

Ruth Benedict was able to develop "culture-at-a-distance" studies without changing anthropology's methodology.

False

The government of Kiribati is thinking about buying land and relocating its citizens to which Pacific island country?

Fiji

Navajo babies begin to learn the importance of community at the

First Laugh Ceremony.

Which is not a cultural rule of gift giving?

Gifts must be freely given without expectation of personal gain.

The Oldowan Tool Tradition was most associated with which human species?

Homo habilis

Mass food production is a characteristic of which type of system?

Industrial

A society with extensive types of childcare, a desire to make the individual feel socially attached and generally free of stranger anxiety, and with high levels of sharing and social involvement would most likely have what type of training or children?

Interdependence

What is the primary purpose of practicing applied anthropology?

It allows the use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems.

Nacirema undergo rituals at a special temple called a(n)

Latipso

Which of the following refers to the idea that character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society are representative of the values that culture embraces?

Modal personality

Among bonobos, which of the following does not usually determine an individual's social rank?

Number of surviving offspring

_____ is the distinctive way a person thinks, feels, and behaves.

Personality

Among the Tsembaga of Papua New Guinea, there is a relationship between the physical and social environments that involves ritual slaughter in order to re-establish harmony. What animal is slaughtered to reduce pressure on the local environments?

Pigs

All of the following statements except one correctly describe food-foraging societies. Which is it?

They are primitive because they did not progress to a higher level.

When a man works hard in his garden in the Trobriand Islands to produce yams, he does this to satisfy which of the following demands?

To gain prestige by giving yams away to his sister's husbands

An anthropologist would probably find it difficult to define what "progress" is.

True

In India, it is understood that matches (marriages) would be arranged only within the same caste and general social class.

True

In a culture, there is a difference between ideal and real behaviors.

True

One of the functions of dowry is to ensure a woman's support in widowhood.

True

Peasants typically have too little land to break the cycle of poverty.

True

Plows are a particular tool associated with agricultural societies.

True

Raw materials, labor, and technology are the productive resources used by all societies.

True

The Kula ring is a form of barter in which no actual trade takes place.

True

The Nacirema believe that parents bewitch their children.

True

The use of money for exchange has been traced back as far as 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia.

True

Your mother's sister's child is your parallel cousin.

True

The Kula ring functions to do all of the following except:

accumulate wealth in the hands of an upper-class elite.

The process organisms undergo to achieve a beneficial adjustment to a particular environment, which not only leads to biological changes in the organisms but also impacts their environment, is called

adaptation.

All of the following statements about the naming ceremony are true except:

all cultures have some ceremony to mark the naming of a child.

A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live either in the husband's father's or the wife's mother's place of residence is called

ambilocal.

In anthropology, geographic regions where a number of societies have similar ways of life are known as

culture areas.

In studying three societies in New Guinea, Margaret Mead found that the roles played by men and women were determined primarily by

culture.

Childrearing practices that encourage compliance in performing tasks and dependence upon the group rather than on the individual is called

dependence training.

In traditional Ju/'hoansi society, fathers and mothers alike show great indulgence to children. A result of this indulgence is that the children

do not fear or respect men more than they do women.

A system composed of both the natural environment and all living organisms within it is called a(n)

ecosystem.

The woman-woman marriage custom found in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with all of the following except:

enables the women to engage in sexual activity with each other.

Humans' major mode of adaptation, which enables them to live effectively in diverse environments, is

enculturation.

Marriage within a particular group of individuals is called

endogamy.

A set of cultural ideas held by a group that collectively and publicly identifies itself as distinct based on shared features is called

ethnicity.

The belief that one's own culture is superior to another is called

ethnocentrism.

When anthropologists go to the places that they study in order to experience the culture firsthand, it is called

fieldwork.

The oldest and most universal mode of subsistence is

food foraging.

When an Australian hunter gives away most of his meat to relatives without specifying what is expected in return, he is exemplifying

generalized reciprocity.

The group of primates that includes all living and extinct apes and humans is called

hominoid

In most societies, the basic unit of the cooperation is the

household.

Culture is an integrated and interrelated whole, which means that

if you alter one aspect of a culture, you can drastically affect and possibly even endanger the functioning of the whole.

All of the following are associated with evolution except:

it involves stable forces that contribute to change.

The members of a society who work most closely with the anthropologist to provide an understanding of cultural phenomena are called

key consultants.

The average number of people in a food-foraging group is

less than 100.

Something used to make payments for other goods and services as well as to measure their value is called

money.

Human sexual evolution has tended toward all of the following except

one stable form of sexual behavior.

Those who study the course of early human evolutionary history are called

paleoanthropologists.

The development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by people whose ancestral cultures were already rather alike is called

parallel evolution.

The most preferred form of marriage around the world is

polygyny.

The U.S. system of paying income taxes every April is an example of

redistribution.

The existence of the nation of Kiribati is threatened by:

sea-level rise.

Infrastructure can be best described as a society's

subsistence system.

Anthropology is

the study of humankind everywhere, throughout time.

All of the following statements about sexual behavior among the Trobrianders is correct except:

when the couple is ready to be married, they appear outside the woman's household.