Anthropology Quiz 8, 10, 14

__________ is a gift of money or goods from the groom or his kin to the bride's kin.

Bride price

__________ are repetitive sets of behaviors that allow us to interact with the supernatural, are generally collective, and are thought to strengthen faith.

Rituals

Animatism may best be defined as

a belief in impersonal supernatural forces, such as the power of a rabbit's foot.

A nuclear family might include all of the following members EXCEPT:

a married uncle.

Societies that have rules of endogamy say that you should marry:

a person from within your class, religious, or ethnic group.

In which type of society are the gods most likely to take an active interest in the moral behavior of humans?

a society with considerable wealth inequality

Which type of society is most likely to have a monotheistic religion?

a society with hierarchical political systems

For anthropologists, the term mana refers to

a supernatural force recognized by Polynesians as residing in some people and objects.

A revitalization movement is

an effort to restore societies to their former confidence and prosperity after undergoing rapid social change.

All of the following are accurate anthropological statements about race EXCEPT:

because there is no biological basis for assigning racial categories, there are no social consequences for these categories.

A __________ is a ranked group in which membership is determined at birth and marriage is restricted to members of one's own group.

caste

Social inequality exists in a society when different segments of the population have unequal access to ______.

economic resources, power, and prestige

If all social groups in a society have equal access to wealth, prestige, and power, then anthropologists call that society

egalitarian.

Anthropologists are reasonably certain that social stratification

emerged relatively recently in human history, around 8000 years ago.

Cargo cults generally occurred in Melanesian societies that had

experienced been exposed to Western products during colonialism and felt deprived of them with declining contact with the West.

The custom of allowing a man to marry more than one woman is

found in most of the societies known to anthropology.

Social stratification may be less likely in societies with

generalized reciprocity as the primary form of exchange.

All of the following have been forwarded as possible social issues to which marriage may have developed as an adaptive response EXCEPT:

guaranteed sexual satisfaction.

The theory that inbreeding can be genetically harmful to animals that produce few offspring, including humans:

is supported by data from studies of humans and animals.

A(n) __________ is a custom whereby a man is obliged to marry his brother's widow.

levirate

Which of the following is being performed when an individual compels the gods to act on his or her behalf?

magic

In industrialized countries such as the US and Canada, social inequality exists, but opportunities for obtaining education and professional training mean that people can attain a higher socioeconomic class than their parents. This form of social inequality with possibilities for social mobility is referred to as:

open class system.

One explanation of the witchcraft phenomenon in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 was that

political and economic turmoil in Europe and the American colonies led to fear and a search for scapegoats.

A society with equal access to wealth and power, but unequal access to prestige, is called

ranked

Egalitarian societies are LEAST likely to be found among

societies with intensive agriculture.

In societies that contain many different ethnic groups,

some ethnic groups have greater access to resources than others, therefore ethnicity is part of the system of stratification.

The fact that unrelated children who are brought up together (such as in an adoptive household or a collective community) rarely as adults consider each other suitable marriage or sexual partners supports which theory of the incest taboo?

the "childhood familiarity" theory

All of the following social needs and conditions have been used by anthropologists (and other social scientists) to account for the universality of religion EXCEPT

to harness the power of the supernatural to kill enemies.

Marriage is considered a __________ trait by anthropologists because it is practiced by almost all societies ever studied.

universal

In the United States we do not differentiate between our first cousins and they are generally all considered unsuitable marriage partners. However, many societies around the world, including Native American groups (like the Chippewa), regard cross-cousins as suitable marriage partners. In these cultures, who of the following would you be allowed to marry?

your father's sister's child.