AP Art History Final

Great Stupa at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh, India. Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty. c. 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome. CONTEXT: Other stupas in area, this one the largest Stupas were not originally Buddhist until the Buddha's remains were buried in one Sepulchral: a place of burial or receptacle for religious objects Renovated by Emperor Ashoka: Buddhist convert to make up for killing thousands in war Renovated in 150 BCE from clay/mud mound to double size, add masonry, walking terrace, and gateways (in 100-75 BCE) Abandoned from 1100 to 1900 Existed as stupa, and then this was built by buddhist for buddhist Buddha lived between 6th and 4th century BCE FORM: Stupa: building with a dome, comes from earthen mounds containing artifacts A dirt mound faced with stone Hemispherical mound Stone and sandstone Stupas became pagodas as Buddhism developed Contained portions of Buddha's ashes Made it be associated with the body of the Buddha Ashes activated Stupa with the energy of the Buddha PAGE 302 IN TEXT - know this and memorize this CONTENT: In the countryside outside Bhopal Yasti: pillar symbolizing cosmic axis, holds up Chatra Chatra: three-tiered structure for three jewels of Buddhism: Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha Medhi: elevated terrace Dome: symbolizes heaven Torana: gateways facing four directions, square pillars with capitals of humans and animals, have three architraves, finest carvings on stupa, names of workers carved (ivory workers from city of Vidisha) Symbols of Buddha's life, early Buddhism, Buddha's previous lives Buddha represented with footprints, empty seats, horses with no riders, etc Vedika: stone fence intersecting toranas Surrounded by monastic ruin and smaller stupas Four gateways mark the cardinal directions FUNCTION: Encloses sacred sites and shrines Worship and meditation Walk around fence clockwise "Symbol of the Buddha's final moments"

300 BCE - 100 CE

Santa Sabina. Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422-432 C.E. Brick and stone, wooden roof. CONTEXT -late antique europe -on site of saint sabina who was stoned to death for converting to christianity -originally the building was a classical roman administrative building -example of ancient constantinian basilica FORM Porch: carved wooden doorway (bible scenes) Open area aisle on each side Columns Naive, abs Altar Clerestory: hole cut designs for windows - round arch, diverts weight (first seen in hypostyle hall, seen in temple of amun-re) Coffered wood ceiling CONTENT -Utilized large scale building from ancient rome - covered in mosaics (shift from coulombs) -shift from a focus on Man's architecture to religious imagery -Light = Christ, heaven FUNCTION -early christian church -pay respect to sabina, she supposedly died at the location -to impress the viewer and inspire them to follow christianity

Santa Sabina