AP Bio Ch 8

If plants are grown for several days in an atmosphere containing 14CO2, the largest amount of 14C would most likely be found in

The starch stored in the roots

All of the following are true of plants, such as corn and sugarcane, that perform C4 photosynthesis

The stomata are open during the day The Calvin cycle occurs only in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells The meophyll cells store CO2 in a four carbon acid The structure of C4 plants allows oxygen concentrations in bundle sheath cells to be kept relatively low

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts chemiosmosis translocates protons from

The stroma to the thylakoid space

Reduction of oxygen which forms water (photosynthesis, cellular respiration, both, neither)

cellular respiration

photosystem

composed of a protein complex called a reaction- center complex surrounded by several light- harvesting complexes

where do light reactions take place?

grana

How many "turns" of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?

6

equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

In photosynthesis, the functional product(s) of the light reactions is/are

A. ATP and NADPH

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

ATP and NADPH

What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

The Calvin cycle requires energy and reducing powers from which of the following

ATP and NADPH from the thylakoid electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis

Referring to Questions #30 above, the same scientist tries growing the plant under green light. If the container is properly sealed, which of the following is most likely to occur?

An increase in carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs

Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic

Consumption of CO2 can be used as a measure of photosynthetic rate because carbon dioxide is

Consumed during the dark reactions of photosynthesis

All of the following are true regarding CAM photosynthesis

CAM photosynthesis is an alternate pathway of carbon fixation A four carbon acid is produced at night when stomata are open Rubisco fixes carbon during the day when the light reactions are occurring Cactus and pineapple are examples of plants that do CAM photosynthesis

true stament about CAM and C4 plants

CAM plants and C4 plants both grow better in hot, arid conditions than do C3 plants

Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

Chemiosmosis ATP synthase

Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are true?

The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons ATP is generated by photophosphorylation

CAM plants avoid photorespiration by

Fixing CO2 into organic acids during the night; these acids then release CO2 during the day

The major product of the Calvin cycle is

Glyceraldehydes -3-phosphate

In an experiment, plants are exposed to radioactively labeled O2. In which of the following molecules would the radioactivity be expected to be found?

H2O

source of electrons for linear electron flow

H2O

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

H2O -> NADPH -> Calvin Cycle

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially

All of the following are true regarding Chemiosmosis

In the chloroplast, protons are pumped into the thylakoid space and flow into the stroma In the mitochondria, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space and flow into the matrix The energy for ATP synthesis comes from the release of the proton gradient Cytochromes are membrane bound proteins that make up the electron transport chain

All of the following are true regarding Chemiosmosis

It occurs in both chloroplasts and mitochondria It requires hig energy electrons to provide the energy to pump protons across a membrane In the chloroplast, low energy electrons are obtained from water, then energized by sunlight In the mitochondria, high energy electrons are obtained from glucose

The process in photosynthesis that bears the most resemblance to Chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation in cell respiration is called

Linear photophosphorylation

In certain plant cells, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

final electron acceptor for ETC in light reactions?

NADP+

What are the final electron acceptors for the electron transport chains in the light reactions of photosynthesis and in cellular respiration?

NADP+ in the light reaction and O2 in respiration

The main products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are

NADPH and ATP

In photosynthesis, most ATP is produced as a result of which of the following processes?

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

final electron acceptor for ETC in cellular respiration?

O2

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration

photosystem II

P680

photosystem I

P700

A reduced rate of photosynthesis or photosynthetic yield can be attributed to any of the following

Reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration Reduced water availability Fewer number of Cytochrome proteins and Calvin cycle enzymes Increased photorespiration

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle

Release of oxygen

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules

Which of the following cellular processes is most closely coupled with active transport?

The hydrolysis of ATP

All of the following statements about photosynthesis are true

The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar Photosystem I contains P700 chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center; photosystem II contains P680 molecules The steps of the Calvin cycle are sometimes referred to as the dark reactions because they do not directly require light in order to take place.

Which of the following is not common to both C3 and C4 plants?

The location of the Calvin cycle enzymes

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion across a membrane?

The movement of oxygen in the alveoli across the epithelial membrane and into the bloodstream

A scientist places a plant in a sealed container and measures the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen present. For the first several days, she keeps the plant in the light and finds the oxygen concentration increases. For the next several days, she keeps the plant in the dark and notices the oxygen concentration decreases. Which of the following best explains why the oxygen concentration decreases in the dark?

The plant used the oxygen for cellular respiration

All of the following are true regarding both mitochondria and chloroplasts

They contain a molecule of circular DNA They are surrounded by two membranes They synthesize ATP by Chemiosmosis They contain a compartment where hydrogen ions are pumped

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Thylakoid membrane Inner mitochondrial membrane

Where is the electron transport chain found in plant cells?

Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Generation of proton gradients across membranes

both

Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosomotic mechanism (photosynthesis, cellular respiration, both, neither)

both

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

establishment of a proton gradient

The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds

neither

cyclic electron flow

no water is split, no NADPH, no release of O2

Most photosynthesis in C3 angiosperms occurs in the

palisade mesophyll

thylakoid

pancake

Groups of photosynthetic pigment molecules situated in the thylakoid membrane are called

photosystems

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?

red and yellow

grana

stack of pancakes

where does calvin cycle talk place?

stroma

stroma

syrup

ATP is produced in all of the following processes EXCEPT

the calvin cycle

NOT TRUE of mitochondria and chloroplasts

they cannot replicate independently of the cell

where does electron transport chain take place?

thylakoid membrane

where does splitting of water take place?

thylakoid space

What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

to produce ATP and NADPH

The chlorophyll know as P680 has its electron "holes" filled by electrons from

water