AP Bio CH.3-7 Soft Landing

The carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose are represented in the figure below. Which of the following statements about glucose, galactose, and fructose is most likely true?

All three molecules are structural isomers

Identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on identical containers, of water and methanol (wood alcohol), so that each liquid absorbs the same amount of energy minute by minute. The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol?

Answer where Methanol heats up faster than water

The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B?

Cleavage furrow formation using microfilaments

The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half-filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal. Which of the following statements describes what will occur in the U-tube

Glucose will move from Side B to Side A and the liquid level will be higher on Side A

A model of the plasma membrane showing several biological molecules, including a transmembrane protein, is shown in Figure 1. Which statement best explains why correct protein folding is critical in the transmembrane protein shown above?

Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic and amino acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane

Most cell structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye or with a light microscope. However, of the following choices, which cell structure would most likely be visible with a light microscope that has been manufactured with good magnification and resolving power?

Mitochondria

Sickle-cell anemia results from a point mutation in the HBB gene. The mutation results in the replacement of an amino acid that has a hydrophilic R-group with an amino acid that has a hydrophobic R-group on the exterior of the hemoglobin protein. Such a mutation would most likely result in altered

Properties of the molecule as a result of abnormal interactions between adjacent hemoglobin molecules

A culture of Spirogyra (an autotrophic alga) is maintained in a water solution containing dissolved carbon dioxide and a source of phosphates but lacking nitrogen compounds. A researcher determines the rates of synthesis of several organic compounds found in the Spirogyra before and after several weeks in the water solution. Which of the following graphs best illustrates a likely result of the experiment?

The graph where proteins and nucleic acids are the lowest, and the after for both proteins and nucleic acids is below the 2 line

Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a protein?

The interactions of the different R-groups with other R-groups and with their environment determines the tertiary structure of the protein

A marine sea star was mistakenly placed in freshwater and it died. What is the most likely explanation for its death?

The sea star is hypertonic to the freshwater, and it could not osmoregulate as it is an osmocomforter (it prefers an isotonic environment)

The diagram shows how water can adhere to the xylem in the stems of plants, which contributes to water movement in the plant. Which of the following best explains how water is able to move upward from the roots of a plant, through its xylem in the stem, and out to the leaves?

Water and the xylem are both polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the walls of the xylem

Polysaccharides, triglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they

are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions

The figure below shows a series of microscope images taken over time of ovalbumin production in chick oviduct cells in response to stiumlation with estrogen. The ovalbumin protein was detected using a fluorescent dye as shown by the white areas in the time-lap sequence. The microscope images indicate that ovalbumin...

crosses the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as it is translated, then moves to the Golgi apparatus, then to vesicles from which from which it is secreted

imagine you have a membrane that is permeable only to water molecules. How could the process of reverse osmosis be utilized to purify salt water into drinking water?

increase atmospheric pressure to the side of the membrane with salt water

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below

nile blue, stains cell nuclei

in the diagram below, the organelle most directly responsible for the maintenance of internal osmotic pressure

the cell wall

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

the lysosome

which of the following correctly illustrates a dipeptide an an amino acid in the optimal position to form a tripeptide?

the one with the H-N on the left and the three R groups

A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water. If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?

the person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine