AP Bio Chapter 4 and 5

If a toxin such as bacterial toxin destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

protein synthesis

eukaryote

organalles, plant cell, animal cells

Nucleolus

site of ribosmal subunit sunthesis

Organelle works to detoxify cells and is found in large number in organs such as liver and kidneys

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The function of the plasma membrane is to

a serve as a highly selective barrier, allows cells to accumulate materials and energy

Its advantages for cells to be small because

a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport

smallest unit that can carry out all activities we associate with life is

cells

If a plant cells are immersed in distilled water the resulting movement of water into the cells is called

conduction

One function of peroxisomes involves the process of

detoxification

What is the primary role of Lysosomes?

digest food, clean up and recycle and digest broken organelles

Gap junctions

form channels that allow communications between the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells

plasmodesmata

form channels that allow communications between the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells

one strategy that allows larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio is

having thin, finger-like projections

3 macromolecules that are components of the plasma membrane

lipids-the protection cell transport proteins-cell transport allowing bigger molecules through the membrane carbohydrates-identification cell to cell signaling

prokaryote

no orgnalles, bacteria and fungi

What is composed of two layers of phospholipids associated with proteins integrated within or attached to these layers?

plasma membrane

The process in which cells convert and amplify an extra cellular signal into an intracellular signal

signal transduction

Cell signaling process

synthesis and release if signaling molecules,transport to target cells, response by the cell, termination of signaling

the smooth endoplasimic reticulum

synthesizes lipids

Membranes facilitate

the formation of energy-yielding gradients, act as barriers to ions, acting as important "work branches" within cells, maintaining