AP Bio Chp 43

Explain to advantages of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for second time

Adv-ensures receptor specific to epitope is present, more lymphocytes with the specification

In myasthenia gravis, antibodies bind to and block acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, preventing muscle contraction. Is this disease best classified as a immunodeficiency disease, an autoimmune disease, or an allergic reaction? Explain

Autoimmune disease. Immune system produces antibodies against self molecules

If both copies of a light chain and a heavy chain recombine in each b cell how would this affect B cell development

Diff combos would make 4 diff receptors. If any were self reactive lymphocyte would be eliminated for self tolerance. More B cells eliminated=response less effective

What are the main advantages and disadvantage is of relying on a physical barrier against infection?

Dis- has openings for environment exchange Adv-good defense against infection

Suppose a snake handler bitten by a particular venomous snake species was treated with antivenin. Why might the treatment for second such bite be different

If handler had immunity to antivenin another injection could provoke a bad immune response. The handler could already be producing antibodies

Although pus is often seen simply as a sign of infection, it is also an indicator of a new defenses in action. Explain

It contains white blood cells, fluid, and cell debris shows that inflammatory response is active

If a microbe grew optimally at low pH, how might this affect its ability to act as a human pathogen? Explain

Microbe that grows in low pH could colonize he skin faster but it wouldn't be adapted to the rest of the body

If a child were born without a thymus, what cells and functions would be deficient? Explain

No functional T cells=no t to activate b so they can't produce anyibodies. So the kid couldn't kill virus infected cells

Treatment of antibodies with a particular proteins clips the heavy chains in half, releasing the two arms of the Y shaped molecule. How might the anti-bodies continue to function

Since antigen binding site intact, anybody fragments could neutralize viruses and opsonize bacteria

People with herpes Symplex type 1 viruses often get mouth sores when they have a cold or similar infection. How might this location benefit the virus

With a cold more likely to produce secretions that facilitate viral transfer, virus programmed to exit host when physiological stress has opportunity to find new host when current host can no longer function

How would a macrophage deficiency likely affect a persons innate and acquired defenses

Would have frequent infections. Poor innate because of little phagocytosis and inflammation, poor responses bc of lack of macrophages