AP Bio Final
be able to label the parts of a flower
--
assuming that the population was in hardy-weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what was the frequency of allele G in the gray moths that emerged in 1980?
0.50
in certain native american groups, albinism due to a homozyguous recessive condition in the biochemical pathway for melanin production is sometimes seen, if the frequency of the allele for this condition is 0.06, which of the following is closest to the frequency of the dominant allele in this population? (assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)
0.94
the graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide from 1958-1992 in ppm. According to the graph, increase in CO2 concentration, in parts per million, between 1970-1990 is closest to
25 ppm
in a certain flock of sheep, 4 percent of the population has black wool and 96 percent has white wool. assume that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium of black wool (bb) is a recessive trait, what percent of the population is heterozygous for this trait?
32%
assuming that the population was in hardy-weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what percentage of moths in the natural population was white in 1962?
4%
the pH at which 50 percent of the daphina survive after 2 hours pf exposure can be predicted from the data. the ph is closest to
4.5
what percent of the population is homozygous for white wool (BB)?
64%
assuming that the population was in hardy-weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what percentage of the gray moths that emerged in 1980 was heterogeneous?
67%
on the basis of the data, the best prediction of the PH of the water in which Daphina normally are found in the wild
7.0
six different species have a gene for a particular polypeptide chain. over time there have been mutations that have occurred to this particular gene examining the numb er of amino acid differences in the table above, determine which gene tree supports the related history of the 6 species.
A
A male portion of the plant is collectively called?
Androecium
Plants that produce a flower for sexual reproduction are called?
Angiosperm
if a fish farmer wanted to harvest his fish so that it recovered at the maximum rate, where should the population be maintained?
B
Pepo
Berry with a hard rind that cannot be peeled off
the land on a 100 acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle on growing corn. of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories for human consumption?
Cattle: 0 Corn: 100
which lettered portion of the graph most closely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?
E
which of the following conclusions is most consistent with the data?
Genes for ribosomal DNA evolve more slowly than do genes of mitochondrial DNA.
the graph above illustrates the relationship between the average surface area and the frequency of that surface area being found in a population of maple trees living in an environment that is becoming progressively more arid (drier) an increase in the surface area of a leaf has been correlated with an increase in the loss of water from the plant. which of the distributions given below best represents the population after 50 years assuming the arid conditions of the environment persist?
Graph C
Living organisms must acquire energy from their environment, examples of adaptations that help organisms acquire this energy include which of the following? I- the dark, heat absorbing coloration of a reptile II- the fangs and claws of a lion III- the light coloration of a peppered moth
I and II only
a moths color is controlled by 2 alleles, G and g, at a single locus. G(gray) is dominant to g(white). a large population of moths was studied, and the frequency of the g allele in the population overtime was documented, as shown in in the figure below. in 1980 a random sample of 2,000 pupae was collected and moths were allowed to emerge. During which of the following time periods could the population have been in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the G locus? I 1960-1964 II-1965-1972 III-1973-1980
I and III only
Ramsey island and Brady island are equidistant from the US mainland. Ramsey island s three times larger than Brady island. given this information, all the following statements could be true EXCEPT I- Brady island can support larger populations than Ramsey island II- Brady island has more competition than Ramsey island III- Brady island is more likely to have greater habitat variation than Ramsey island
II only
question 20 and 21 refer to the figure below, which depicts the age structure of three populations. which population is in the process of decreasing?
II only
which mortality curve indicates that the probability of death is equal at any age?
II only
which populations appears to be stable?
II only
identify when allele A became fixed in the popualtion?
IV
A flower that posses both stamen and carpels can at the very least be called
Incomplete flower AND monoecious
the chart above compares the daily water per person to the price of water in selected countries. which of thew following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart? A-water use and water price are directly proportional B- increased water use causes water prices to decline C- increased prices cause water use to decline D- increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices
Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices
the molecular structure of a small polypeptide along with the structure of the amino acid valine is shown above. valine occupies several locations along the polypeptide including position 20. which of the following amino acids could be substituted for valine with the greatest likelihood of causing neutral mutation, thus having the least impact on the protein's function?
Leucine
Colias butterflies produce phospoglucose isomerase (PGI) which is an enzyme that influences their ability to fly. the gene consist of two different alleles which are responsible for producing different forms if the PGI enzyme. heterozygous butterflies produce both enzymes. one form of the PGI enzyme helps butterflies fly better when it is cool (c) and the other form will help butterflies fly better when it is warm (w). thus 3 different genoytpes result: PGI(cc), PGI(cw), and PGI (ww). which of the following predictions regarding the genotypes of Colias butterflies living in the rocky mountains is most valid?
PGI (cw) will fly best since it is well suited ti both warm and cooler air temperatures
the _________ neurons possess two cellular extensions
Ri
Fruit
Ripened ovary wall
____________ protects and electrically insulates nerve fibers
Schwann cell
which of the following is most likely reason for the observed differences in the frequency for the observed differences in the frequency of the G allele between 1965 and 1972?
Selection against gray phenotype
All of the following statements about the food web diagram above are correct EXCEPT:
The death of the snake would cause a collapse in the food web
the most likely environmental cause of the change in the allele frequency and phenotype is due to
a change in the seasonal temperatures found at different latitudes
which of the following is more susceptible to damage from some sort of ecological disturbance?
a corn field
a fruit derived from separate ovaries from one flower is called?
aggregate fruit
the nitrogen cycle is shown below. the nitrogen that is used by primary and secondary consumers comes in the form of
amino acids found in proteins
Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes: tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of
an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation
the increases in carbon dioxide levels can be attributed to
an increase in the burning of fossil fuels.
the introduction of antibiotics such as penicillin decades ago was immediately effective in combating infections caused by Staphylococcus. in 1958, however, there were several outbreaks of infections did not respond to treatment with any of the antibiotics and there was a large number of deaths. the best explanation for this situation is that
antibiotic resistant bacteria survived and multiplied, and these were the forms causing the infections.
for most terrestrial ecosystems, pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are essentially the same, exhibiting a broad base and a narrow top. the primary reason for this pattern is
at each step, energy is lost from the system as a result of keeping the organisms alive
the ________ conduct electrical signals away from the nerve cell body
axon
the __________ is the location of the nerve impulse generation
axon hillock
the seed producing portion of the flower is called the
carpel
which of the following statements best describes the effect of genetic drift on the gene frequencies of a population?
chance along can cause significant changes in the gene frequencies of small populations
which of the following is true concerning the drawing?
community 1 has more species diversity than community 2
a study of the metabolic rate in a terrestrial community shows that the energy released by respiration exceeds the energy captured in photosynthesis. which of the following situations is occurring?
community biomass is decreasing
which of the factors below would best account for the regulation of the population that exhibits the growth pattern by the graph below
competition for space after a fire
A flower that is composed of carpels, sepals, petals, and stamens is known as
complete flower AND monoecious
milkweed is a common field plant that produces a cardiac glycoside which, like digitalis, stimulates heart contractions. the synthesis of this compound ensures the survival of this plant species because the glycoside is toxic to most herbivores with a notable exception-the monarch butterfly. Female monarchs lay their eggs on milkweed and the resulting larvae (caterpillars) feed on milkweed leaves. an enzyme produced by the caterpillars allows them to ingest and store the toxin without ill effects. after pupation, adult monarchs emerge with a conspicuous bright orange and black banding pattern and retain the toxic glycoside in their systems. viceroy butterflies are almost identical to monarchs in possessing the conspicuous banding pattern. however viceroys cannot metabolize or store the toxic glycoside. Which of the following is the central concept of the situation described above?
defensive adaptation
Aggregate fruit
derived from a single flower with many separate pistils
multiple fruits
derived from many flowers clustered together to form a composite fruit like a pineapple
Simple fruit
derived from the ovary of a single pistil
the LEAST effective means of controlling pest species such as rats or roaches over a long period of time is generally to
distribute pesticides throughout the habitat
in a small group of people living in a remote area, there is a high incidence of "blue skin" condition that results from a variation in the structure of hemoglobin. all of the "blue-skinned: residents can trace their ancestry to one couple, who were among the original settlers of this region. the unusually high frequency of the "blue skin: in the area is an example of
genetic drift and founder effect
in the graphs shown the solid lines represent the original population of sheep from the years 1820-1940. which graph has a dotted line that best represents the sheep population resulting from a sustained increase in the primary productivity of the environment?
graph A
the range of the expression of the beak depth among a population of birds is shown above. the seeds currently available to the birds are produced by 3 different species of trees and vary in depth from 6 mm to 8mm. birds with smaller beaks crack smaller seeds, birds with larger beaks crack larger seeds. a fungal disease attacks 2 different species of the seed producing trees for this bird population. the seeds that are now most abundant to the birds range from 4mm to 6mm. which of the following graphs best represent the rage of expression of beak depth of future generations of these birds?
graph A
Predict which of the graphs below best represent the global mean annual temperature on earth from 1950-2000
graph B
suppose 100,000 flies had arrived on the island instead of 50 and that the carrying capacity if the iskland is also 100,000. the allele frequency for A and a are still 0.5npredict which graph would msot likely be the allele frequency of A and a in this popoulation after 200 gnerations.
graph C
what type of tissue is found mainly in the leaves and stems?
ground tissue
A pine tree is known as a?
gymnosperm
the graph shown illustrates how seed production in plant species varied with population density in a whole habitat (site A) and in a fragmented habitat (site B). Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data?
habitat fragmentation has more effect on seed production than does population density
A flower that possess only stamens is defined as being
incomplete flower AND dioecious
A species of malaria-carriyng mosquito lives in a forest in which two species of monkeys, A and B, coexist. Species A is immune to malaria but species B is not. the malaria-carrying mosquito is the chief food for a particular kind of bird in the forest. if all of these birds are eliminated suddenly by hunters, which of the following would be the immediate observable consequence?
increased mortality in monkey species B
monoculture is an agriculture practice employed by certain industrial farms that involves planting the same variety of seed for the entire crop. the seed variety chosen is usually one that results in a high crop yield and is resistant to certain diseases. with regard to evolution, which of the following is a negative result of this agricultural practice?
it decrease the gene pool and makes the crop more susceptible to new diseases.
organic acids called ____________ can cause ketoacidosis in diabetes patients
ketones
toads in a particular population can vary in size. a scientist observes that in this population, large males mate with females significantly more often than small males do. which of the following is the most plausible explanation for this observation?
large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males because they have secured a large breeding territory.
what tissue layer undergoes photosynthesis
mesophyl
in species X a critical polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence met-ala-cys-cys-phe-try-phe-pro
met-ala-ser-cys-arg-try-phe-pro
the banding pattern of viceroy butterflies is an example of
mimicry
some varieties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are not resistant to penicillin. these varieties of bacteria most probably developed as a result of
natural selection
the rate of molecular evolution varies for different genes. Scientists can determine the differences in nucleic acid sequences for a particular gene of groups of genes. Comparisons of these sequences can then be made between organisms from different taxonomic groups. The greater the differences between nucleic acid sequences, the more time passed since the organisms shared a common ancestor. Which nucleic acid sequences should be used to establish taxonomic relationships among a group of animals that are believed to have diverged hundreds of millions of years ago?
nucleic acid sequences from the ribosomal RNA, since it evolves more slowly
Samara
one or two carpel; with fruit wall forming wing-like expansions
the __________ nervous system slows down an excited heart beat
parasympathetic
the portion of the flower that includes the sepals and petals is collectively known as
perianth
A student is asked to design an experiment aimed at determining whether or not the initiation of migratory behavior is largely under genetic control. of the following options, the best way to proceed is to
preform within-population mating with birds form different populations that have different migratory habits and subsequently rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe offspring migratory behavior
all of the following conditions would result;t in a change in the frequency of a specific allele in a population EXCEPT
random mating in a large population.
density independent population controls include all of the following EXCEPT
resource competition
discuss the similarities and differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms:
similar: they both rely on pollination, they have seeds differences: angiosperms produce flowers while gymnosperms produce cones. gymnosperms came first
a fruit that develops from one ovary and opens at maturity is called?
simple dry dehiscent fruit
achene
small, single seeded fruit with a relatively thin wall, and with the seed attached to the wall only at one point
the pollen producing portion of the flow is called the
stamen
an example of an aggregate fruit is called
strawberry
a Shepard from a neighboring village buys some of the black sheep reducing the population to 1%. which of the following is true regarding the gene pool?
the flock is no longer in hardy-weinberg equilibrium
50 members of the fruit fly population arrive on an island from the mainland where there are no member of that particular species. the carrying capacity of the island just happens to also be 50. there are two alleles for a particular gene designated A and a respectivly. the allelic frequency of A is 0.5 and the allelic frequency of a is 0.5. the graph beliow represents the frequency of A allele for 200 generations If after 50 years, the allele frequency for A differs widley from the mainland populationfrom which it came, it would msotr likely be due to
the founder effect and genetic drift
the illustration above represents a gene pool which contains 2 alleles and 3 phenotype. CwCw (white) CrCr(red), and CrCw(pink) which of the following will ensure that Cw and Cr both persist in the gene pool?
the pink genotype is better suited to its environment than the red or white genotypes.
which of the following best represents a logical conclusion based on the data presented in this graph?
the population of the prey is greater than that of the predator
which hypothesis would this data refute?
there is no significant difference in the size of the wings of Drosphilia subosura and the latitude in which they live
in a mature forest of oak, maple, and hickory trees, a diseases causes a reduction in the number of acorns produced by oak trees. which of the following would least likely be a direct result of an increase in diseased acorns?
there might be a decrease in the number of maple seeds as the disease spreads to other trees in the forest.
wing measurements for Drosophilia subobsura from various locations along the west coast of north america were complied and the data is shown above. the most likely genetic explanation for these results is that
this trait is controlled by several genes that allow for a range of phenotypic expression
the _______ is the endocrine gland that diminishes with age
thymus
a ripened ovary wall is known as a
tomato
nut
two or more carpels; fruit wall hard or stony
the conspicuous banding displayed by monarch butterflies is an example of
warning coloration
Drupe
with a single carpel; single seed enclosed in a hard pit or stone
legume
with on carpel; split along two sutures
Follicle
with one carpel; split along one suture
the vascular tissue that carries water through the plant is called
xylem
