AP Bio Quiz 2 (Chapters 4-5)

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? a. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. b. Macromolecular synthesis occurs through the removal of water and digestion occurs through the addition of water. c. Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. d. Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. e. A & B

a. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? a. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar b. a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar c. a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil d. a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine e. a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

a. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? a. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar b. a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine c. a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group d. a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar e. a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil

a. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process? a. the removal of water (dehydration reactions) b. connecting monosaccharides together (condensation reactions) c. the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers d. ionic bonding of the monomers e. the addition of water to each monomer (hydrolysis)

a. the removal of water (dehydration reactions)

Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA? a. In DNA, adenine pairs with guanine; in RNA, adenine pairs with thymine. b. DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil c. DNA is found in the nucleus; RNA is never found in the nucleus. d. RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded. e. DNA consists of five different nucleotides; RNA consists of four different nucleotides.

b. DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? a. They are geometric isomers of each other. b. They are both polymers of glucose. c. They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. d. They are both used for energy storage in plants. e. They can both be digested by humans.

b. They are both polymers of glucose.

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? a. thymine and guanine b. cytosine and uracil c. ribose and deoxyribose d. adenine and thymine e. guanine and adenine

b. cytosine and uracil

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? a. cytosine and guanine b. guanine and adenine c. adenine and thymine d. thymine and uracil e. uracil and cytosine

b. guanine and adenine

The α helix and the β pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. all of the above

b. secondary

Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.3? a. It is a saturated fatty acid. b. A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. c. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. d. A and B only e. A, B and C

c. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

A molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is probably a a. nucleic acid. b. hydrocarbon. c. carbohydrate. d. protein. e. lipid.

c. carbohydrate.

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? a. different asymmetric carbons b. different amino groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon c. different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha (α) carbon d. different alpha (α) carbons e. different carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon

c. different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha (α) carbon

If 128 molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 were covalently joined together in sequence, the single molecule that would result would be a a. disaccharide. b. polyunsaturated lipid. Selected: c. polysaccharide. d. monosaccharide. e. polypeptide.

c. polysaccharide.

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. all of the above

c. tertiary

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be comprised of a. 240 adenine and 240 cytosine molecules. b. 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. c. 240 guanine and 240 thymine molecules. d. 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. e. 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules.

d. 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.2? a. It is a saturated fatty acid. b. A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to cardiovascular disease. c. Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. d. A and B only e. A, B and C

d. A and B only

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells? a. DNA → proteins → RNA b. RNA → DNA → proteins c. proteins → DNA → RNA d. DNA → RNA → proteins e. RNA → proteins → DNA

d. DNA → RNA → proteins

Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? a. cellulose b. a contractile protein c. an enzyme d. a steroid e. DNA

d. a steroid

The hydrogenation of vegetable oil would result in which of the following? a. a decrease in the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil (fat) molecules b. an increase in the number of hydrogen atoms in the oil (fat) molecule c. the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role a. None of the above; all of cholesterol's effects on the body are harmful. b. as the primary female sex hormone. c. in calcium and phosphate metabolism. d. as a component of animal cell membranes. e. as the primary male sex hormone.

d. as a component of animal cell membranes.

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? a. renaturing protein b. tertiary protein c. enzyme protein d. chaperonin e. denaturing protein

d. chaperonin

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because a. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the beta (β) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of cellulose. b. the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is maltose. c. the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. d. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta (β) glycosidic linkages of cellulose. e. humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.

d. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta (β) glycosidic linkages of cellulose.

The molecule shown in the previous questions (Figure 5.3) is a a. polypeptide. b. polysaccharide. c. saturated fatty acid. d. unsaturated fatty acid. e. triacylglycerol

d. unsaturated fatty acid.

Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of a protein a. secondary b. primary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Thalidomide and L-dopa, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that a. lack an asymmetric carbon. b. differ in their electrical charge. c. have identical three-dimensional shapes. d. differ in the location of their double bonds. e. are mirror images of one another.

e. are mirror images of one another.

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? a. as a pentose b. as a monosaccharide c. as a polysaccharide d. as a hexose e. as a disaccharide

e. as a disaccharide

What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds? a. stabilization b. renaturation c. hydrolysis d. destabilization e. denaturation

e. denaturation

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? a. peptide bonds b. phosphodiester bonds c. ionic bonds d. disulfide bonds e. hydrogen bonds

e. hydrogen bonds

The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except a. proteins. b. amino acids. c. nucleic acids. d. DNA. e. monosaccharides.

e. monosaccharides.

Name the class of macromolecules which has the greatest functional diversity

proteins