AP Bio Review - Unit 8 AP Classroom Progress Check MCQ

B. Increased fertilizer use near this section of the river has led to increased runoff of phosphates into the river.

Question in the attached image. A. Reforestation efforts in Britain near this section of the river have caused changes in the plant community structure. B. Increased fertilizer use near this section of the river has led to increased runoff of phosphates into the river. C. Spiked water-milfoil adapted to lower phosphorous conditions has been observed to outcompete fennel-leaved pondweed in this section of the river. D. Measured levels of SRP in this section of the river have remained constant over a period of time.

D. Yeast respond to nutritional stress with sexual reproduction, producing new genetic combinations, or dormancy.

Question in the attached image. A. All forty colonies are genetically identical. Differences in stress responses are due to experimental error. B. Asexual reproduction allows stressed colonies to divide rapidly and compete for limited resources with other colonies. C. Mild nutritional stress does not trigger a change in reproductive strategy among yeast cultures. D. Yeast respond to nutritional stress with sexual reproduction, producing new genetic combinations, or dormancy.

B. Warm surface water contains fewer nutrients needed by red and green algae than cooler surface waters does.

Question in the attached image. A. Increased rainfall on land leads to increased nutrient runoff into the ocean and increased food resources for marina iguanas. B. Warm surface water contains fewer nutrients needed by red and green algae than cooler surface waters does. C. Warm surface water shortens the incubation time of marine iguana embryos. D. Cool surface water decreases the metabolic rate of marine iguanas, so they need more food to compensate for the lowered metabolic rate.

A. The population will be 3,845 after a year. The bison will not pose a problem until the following year, and no conservation action will need to take place.

Question in the attached image. A. The population will be 3,845 after a year. The bison will not pose a problem until the following year, and no conservation action will need to take place. B. The population will be 4,675 after a year. Some bison will need to be removed to prevent migration, since they will surpass the resource availability. C. The population will be 1,023 after a year, since the growth rate is too low. Conservation efforts will need to focus on increasing the bison population. D. The population will be 4,500 after a year. The bison cannot exceed the carrying capacity, so they will stop reproducing. Some bison will need to be removed.

D. The dependent variable is the percent change in the amount of nicotine, and the independent variable is the time interval the plants were exposed to the hornworms.

Question in the attached image. A. The dependent variable is the time interval the plants were exposed to the hornworms and the independent variable is the percent change in the amount of nicotine. B. The dependent variable is the absence or presence of hornworms, and the independent variable is the initial amount of nicotine. C. The dependent variable is the initial amount of nicotine, and the independent variable is the final amount of nicotine. D. The dependent variable is the percent change in the amount of nicotine, and the independent variable is the time interval the plants were exposed to the hornworms.

A. Lacking natural predators and able to outcompete native species of mussels and other freshwater species for food, zebra mussels have experienced exponential population growth and rapid expansion into new habitats.

Question in the attached image. A. Lacking natural predators and able to outcompete native species of mussels and other freshwater species for food, zebra mussels have experienced exponential population growth and rapid expansion into new habitats. B. Since their arrival, zebra mussels have undergone rapid adaptive radiation, producing new species in many different habitats. C. Throughout their current range, zebra mussels coexist with native mussel species, whose populations have been unaffected by the arrival of zebra mussels. D. Zebra mussels can crossbreed with native mussels, producing hybrids that are better adapted in the range shown in Figure 1.

A. The reintroduction of wolves led to a decrease in the population of elk, allowing aspen trees to grow taller.

Question in the attached image. A. The reintroduction of wolves led to a decrease in the population of elk, allowing aspen trees to grow taller. B. The reintroduction of wolves led to a decrease in the population of small mammals, allowing aspen trees to grow taller. C. The reintroduction of wolves led to an increase in the number of carcasses that provided fertilizer for young aspen trees. D. The reintroduction of wolves led to an increase in the number of carcasses, so coyotes no longer ate young aspen trees.

D. The sea urchin population will increase and the kelp population will decrease, leading to reduced total biomass and diversity in the Adak Island ecosystem.

Question in the attached image. A. Both the sea urchin population and the kelp population will increase, leading to greater total biomass and diversity in the Adak Island ecosystem. B. Both the sea urchin population and the kelp population will decrease, leading to reduced total biomass and diversity in the Adak Island ecosystem. C. The sea urchin population will increase and the kelp population will decrease, leading to greater total biomass and diversity in the Adak Island ecosystem. D. The sea urchin population will increase and the kelp population will decrease, leading to reduced total biomass and diversity in the Adak Island ecosystem.

C. The prey of these species require colder waters to survive, and owing to warming in the oceans, they are moving farther north, to higher latitudes, where the water is colder.

Question in the attached image. A. Decreased acidity of ocean water in the more southern latitudes caused a migration of these species northward. B. These species evolved new adaptations over time, allowing them to survive in warmer ocean environments. C. The prey of these species require colder waters to survive, and owing to warming in the oceans, they are moving farther north, to higher latitudes, where the water is colder. D. Diseases devastated the prey of these species, forcing them to move northward as insufficient food was available in their original range.

D. Only 10% of the energy on each level of the trophic pyramid is available for use by the next level. The rest is lost as heat or used for growth and repair.

Question in the attached image. A. Humans are better adapted to make efficient use of soy protein than beef protein, so they can extract more energy from a gram of soy protein than from a gram of beef protein. B. A cow can harvest energy only at a certain rate, so adding another cow to the acre of land would double the number of humans supported by the acre. C. Preparing meat for human consumption takes more energy per gram of protein than preparing soy for consumption. D. Only 10% of the energy on each level of the trophic pyramid is available for use by the next level. The rest is lost as heat or used for growth and repair.

B. The toxin in Bt corn kills only the corn pests, leaving other insects unharmed.

Question in the attached image. A. The increased use of Bt corn will result in rapid mutation in corn borers. B. The toxin in Bt corn kills only the corn pests, leaving other insects unharmed. C. Other insect species will replace corn borers and require additional applications of insecticides. D. Since Bt corn is not natural like non-Bt corn, it will not interact with the rest of the environment.

C. Based on the data, there is no statistical difference between the species diversity of plants in the light, moist environment and in the dark, moist environment.

Question in the attached image. A. The light, moist environment is the most ideal environment for plants. B. The most diverse environment is the dark, dry environment because plants are best able to protect themselves from drying out during the summer months. C. Based on the data, there is no statistical difference between the species diversity of plants in the light, moist environment and in the dark, moist environment. D. Based on the data, there is no statistical difference between the species diversity of plants in light, dry and dark, dry environments.

A. The null hypothesis is rejected since there are statistical effects of EAWM and PDO on surface sea temperature and copepod abundance.

Question in the attached image. A. The null hypothesis is rejected since there are statistical effects of EAWM and PDO on surface sea temperature and copepod abundance. B. The null hypothesis is rejected because the El Niño Southern Oscillation has a statistical impact on the abundance of copepods in the ECS. C. The null hypothesis is rejected because the EAWM and PDO do not have statistical effects on the abundance of copepods and phytoplankton in the ECS. D. The null hypothesis is rejected because the El Niño Southern Oscillation does not have a statistical impact on the abundance of copepods in the S.

A.

Question and answer choices in the attached image.

C.

Question and answer choices in the attached image.

B. 103

Question in the attached image. A. 100 B. 103 C. 113 D. 173

A. The presence of wolves

Question in the attached image. A. The presence of wolves B. The proportion of time C. Coyote behavior D. The study area

D. The reduction in the phytoplankton population meant that the zooplankton's energy source was drastically reduced, leading to the decrease in the zooplankton population size. After the dip, the phytoplankton provided a steady energy source, and the zooplankton population fluctuated around its carrying capacity.

Question in the attached image. A. The zooplankton rely on the same nutrients for energy harvesting as the phytoplankton, so their population was also unable to acquire the necessary energy to maintain their population level. After that major dip there were enough nutrients for both categories of plankton. B. Zooplankton are more temperature-sensitive than the phytoplankton, so the annual seasonal changes will affect their population sizes in a cyclical fashion. There was a sudden, extreme temperature change in the first dip that also affected the phytoplankton. C. A migration of whales was blown off course by a storm one year and ate most of the phytoplankton and zooplankton. In the following years the whales returned to their normal migration route. D. The reduction in the phytoplankton population meant that the zooplankton's energy source was drastically reduced, leading to the decrease in the zooplankton population size. After the dip, the phytoplankton provided a steady energy source, and the zooplankton population fluctuated around its carrying capacity.

A. Yellow bedstraw plants grow significantly more in the presence of both soil bacteria and AM fungi (treatment 4) than in the presence of soil bacteria alone (treatment 2).

Question in the attached image. A. Yellow bedstraw plants grow significantly more in the presence of both soil bacteria and AM fungi (treatment 4) than in the presence of soil bacteria alone (treatment 2). B. Yellow bedstraw plants, in the presence of AM fungi (treatment 3), grow significantly more if soil bacteria (treatment 4) are also present. C. Yellow bedstraw plants grow significantly more when soil bacteria (treatment 2) are present compared to when there are no soil bacteria (treatment 1). D. Yellow bedstraw plants grown in soil without bacteria and AM fungi (treatment 1) grow significantly more than when only AM fungi is present in the soil (treatment 3).

B. 17 wolves per year

Question in the attached image. A. 4 wolves per year B. 17 wolves per year C. 87 wolves per year D. 135 wolves per year

B. The presence of pups is the independent variable, and the frequency of sentinel behavior is the dependent variable.

Question in the attached image. A. The frequency of sentinel behavior is the independent variable, and the presence of pups is the dependent variable. B. The presence of pups is the independent variable, and the frequency of sentinel behavior is the dependent variable. C. The number of predators is the independent variable, and the presence of pups is the dependent variable. D. The distance from the burrow is the independent variable, and the number of predators is the dependent variable.