AP BIO unit 2 study guide

Stores water and materials

E

Which of the following best explains how the extensive foldingof the inner mitochondrial membrane benefits a eukaryotic cell?

It increases the area available for proteins involved in energy transfer.

The approximate molarity of the solution in which the mass of the plant pieces would not change is

0.3 M

Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?

10 um cube

The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?

5

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

6

Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP

A

An investigator wants to understand whether a newly found membrane protein is involved in membrane transport of a certain particle. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?

Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the particle movement.

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?

An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.

Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote

B

Site of glucose synthesis

B

Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell

C

Which of the following are characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and RNA

Which two cellular organelles in eukaryotes have both electron transport systems and chemiosmotic mechanisms?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell

D

Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?

H+ ions will stop moving through the protein.

Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, while fungal cell walls are composed of chitin. A group of scientists hypothesize that this difference means the cell wall has largely different functions in plant cells and fungal cells. Alternatively, another group of scientists hypothesize that despite their biochemical differences, plant and fungal cell walls serve similar functions.

In both plant cells and fungal cells, the cell wall surrounds the outside of the cell membrane.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic.

Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Lysosome

Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the followingtypes of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane. Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A?

Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B

Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?

Protein

Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes?

Simple diffusion through the membrane

The figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of the structure labeled Y?

Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized.

Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation?

The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface-to-volume ratio.

Intravenous (IV) solutions administered to patients are normally isotonic. Which of the following is most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient?

The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from the blood.

Muscle cells have high ATP demands. Which of the following is a scientific claim about how the structure of the mitochondria in muscle cells should be different than it is in other cells because of the high energy demands of mitochondria?

The inner membrane of the mitochondria in muscle cells should have more folds to increase the surface area, allowing more ATP to be synthesized.

Which of the following best explains how molecules such as O2 and CO2 can move across the membrane of a cell?

The majority of the cell membrane is nonpolar, which allows small, nonpolar molecules to freely cross

A cell's membrane potential is maintained by the movement of ions into and out of the cell. A model showing the influence of membrane proteins on the movement of sodium ( Na+ ) and potassium ( K+ ) ions across the plasma membrane is presented in Figure 1.

The membrane potential will bedisrupted by an increase in K+ concentration inside the cell.

Which of the following provides evidence to best support the researchers' claim?

The organelle has a double membrane.

Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?

Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?

View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells

Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across the cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure ceases to function?

Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate.

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both

depend on a concentration gradient

All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT

nuclear envelopes