AP Biology Ch.17

Which of the following is not true of RNA processing? A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus. B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA. C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing. D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes. E) A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

_____ is the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA. A) RNA processing B) Gene expression C) Polypeptide formation D) Transcription E) Translation

A) RNA processing

What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA? A) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase B) rubisco C) dextrinase D) argininosuccinate lyase E) nuclease

A) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A) complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon. B) complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA. C) the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid. D) changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA. E) catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

A) complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.

Translation occurs in the _____. A) cytoplasm B) lysosome C) nucleus D) mitochondrion E) nucleoplasm

A) cytoplasm

Spliceosomes are composed of _____. A) snRNPs and other proteins B) polymerases and ligases C) introns and exons D) the RNA transcript and protein E) snRNPs and snurps

A) snRNPs and other proteins

The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____. A) caps B) exons C) snRNPs D) tails E) introns

B) exons

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____. A) 1' —> 5' B) 5' —> 3' C) 1' —> 3' D) 3' —> 5' E) 2' —> 4'

B) 5' —> 3'

Which component is not directly involved in translation? A) mRNA B) DNA C) tRNA D) ribosomes E) GTP

B) DNA

Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides? A) GTTACG CAATCG B) GTTACG CAAUGC C) GTTACG GTTACG D) GTTACG ACCGTA E) GTTACG UAACAU

B) GTTACG CAAUGC

During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA. A) 3' untranslated region B) a long string of adenine nucleotides C) 5' untranslated region D) coding segment E) modified guanine nucleotide

B) a long string of adenine nucleotides

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until A) the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter. B) several transcription factors have bound to the promoter. C) the 5′ caps are removed from the mRNA. D) the DNA introns are removed from the template. E) DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit.

B) several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.

Using Figure 17.5, identify a 5′ → 3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys. A) 5′-UUUGGGAAA-3′ B) 5′-GAACCCCTT-3′ C) 5′-AAAACCTTT-3′ D) 5′-CTTCGGGAA-3′ E) 5′-AAACCCUUU-3′

D) 5′-CTTCGGGAA-3′

The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____. A) CAG B) CTG C) GAC D) CUG E) TCG

D) CUG

Which of the following is not true of a codon? A) It consists of three nucleotides. B) It may code for the same amino acid as another codon. C) It never codes for more than one amino acid. D) It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule. E) It is the basic unit of the genetic code.

D) It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule.

The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site. A) A B) translocation C) E D) P E) Q

D) P

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____. A) a protein B) DNA C) a eukaryotic cell D) mRNA E) a polypeptide

D) mRNA

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA? A) RNA processing B) gene expression C) polypeptide formation D) transcription E) translation

D) transcription

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism? A) a base-pair substitution B) a deletion of three nucleotides near the middle of a gene C) a single nucleotide deletion in the middle of an intron D) a single nucleotide deletion near the end of the coding sequence E) a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence

E) a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence

Polypeptides are assembled from _____. A) hexoses B) glycerol C) nucleotides D) proteins E) amino acids

E) amino acids

During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA. A) 3' untranslated region B) a long string of adenine nucleotides C) 5' untranslated region D) coding segment E) modified guanine nucleotide

E) modified guanine nucleotide

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein? A) RNA processing B) gene expression C) polypeptide formation D) transcription E) translation

E) translation