AP Biology Exam

Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin Cycle?

How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?

Beaked whales feed at various depths, but they defecate at the ocean's surface. Nitrogen-rich whale feces deposited in surface waters supply nutrients for algae that are eaten by surface-dwelling fish. Which of the following best predicts what would happen if the whale poulation decreased?

The surface fish populations would decline due to reduced populations of algae

After exercise, an athelte's blood pH has dropped below the normal level. how will normal blood pH be restored?

an increase in breathing rate will lead to a decrease in blood CO2 and H+ concentration.

CROSSING OVER CONJUGATION FERTILIZATION The processes illustrated in the models depicted above all result in which of the following?

an increase in genetic variation

The vertebrate forelimb initially develops in the embryo as a solid mass of tissue. As development progresses, the solid mass near the end of the forelimb is remodeled into individual digits. Which of the following best explains the role of apoptosis in remodeling of the forelimbs?

apoptosis involves the regulated activation of proteins in specific cells of the developing forelimb that leads to the death of those cells.

scientists have found that the existing populations of a certain species of amphibian are small in number, lacking in genetic diversity, and separated from each other by wide areas of dry land. Which of the following human actions is most likely to improve the long-term survival of the amphibians?

building ponds in the areas of dry land to promote interbreeding between the separated opulations?

Which if the following characteristics differentiate carbohydrates from other macromolecule types?

carbohydrates consist of a carbon bonded to hydrogen and a hydroxyl group

A dog is following the scent of a jackrabbit. Which of the following accurately describes how the dog's brain integrates information for the smell?

chemo receptor cells in the naval cavity send impulses to the appropriate area of the brain.

the pairing of purines with pyrimidines to create a double-straned DNA molecule is called

complementary base pairing

if chemical signals in the cytoplasm control the progression of a cell to the M phase of the cell cycle, then fusion of a cell in G1 with a cell in early M phase would most likely result in the...

condensation of chromatin in preparation of nuclear division in both cells

Thrips are insects that feed on rose pollen. Scientists noted that the thrips population increased in the Spring and decreased dramatically during the summer. The researchers hypothesized that food abundance was the limiting factor for the population. Which of the following types of data would be most useful for the scientists to collect at regular intervals on a designated test plot of rose plants?

density of rose pollen produced (g/m^2)

triglycerides are synthesized from

fatty acids and glycerol

A student in a biology class crossed a male DM having a gray body and long wings with a female DM having a black body and apterous wings. The following distribution of traits of traits was observed in the offspring. Phenotype offspring gray body, long wings 42 black body, apterous wings 41 gray body, apterous wings 9 black body, long wings 8 Which of the following is supported by the data?

genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci.

amino acids are linked together into proteins by which of the following bond types

noncovalent bonds, peptide bonds

You have isolated a monomer with following components: a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base. polymers synthesized from this monomer belong to what class of macromolecule?

nucleic acid

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

Which of the following statements concerning polymers is not true?

polymers are synthesize from monomers during condensation and Polymers consist of at least two types of monomers

In 1994 Avery, MacLeod McCarty performed transformation experiences using live, harmless bacteria extracts from virulent bacteria treated with various enzymes. Which of the following enzymes were used and why?

proteases and RNases to rule out protein and RNA as the transforming factors

you are a biochemist and have recently discovered a new macromolecule. Studies of the bond types found in this macromolecule reveal many hydrogen bonds and peptide bonds. You most likely have found what type of macromolecule/

protein

A new mutation that arose in one copy of gene X in a somatic cell resulted in the formation of a tumor. Which of the following pieces of evidence best describes how the new mutation directly caused the tumor/

protein X normally stimulates cell division, and athe mutation created created an overactive version of protein X

Matings between individuals from the two populations of RHAGOLETIS produce hybrid flies that appear to be healthy and have normal life spans. The eggs laid by these hybrid flies, however, hatch less often than those of flies from either of the two populations. What isolating mechanism seems to be important in this hybrid population?

reduced hybrid fertility

An (alpha) helix is an example of which level of protein structure?

secondary

Rosalind Frnaklin's x-ray diffraction images taken in the 1950s most directly support which of the following claims about DNA?

the basic molecular structure is a helix

The diagram above depicts the response to a pinprick in the tip of a human finger. The arrows show the direction pf impulse transmission along the labeled axons. If axon II was damaged before the pinprick, which of the following is most likely?

the person's finger will not withdraw reflexively

undersea landslides can disrupt marine habitats by burying organisms that live on the ocean floor. The graph above shows the size of a population of a certain organism that lives on the ocean floor. The population was affected by a recent landslide at the time indicated on the graph. Which of the following best predicts how the population will be affected by the landslide?

the reduced population will likely have allelic frequencies that are different from the initial population

cellulose and starch are composed of the same monomers. Which of the following results in their bring structurally and functionally different?

they have different types of glycosidic linkages

DNA utilizes the bases guanine, cytosine, thymine, and adenine. in RNA, ----- is replaced by -------.

thymine; uracil