AP Biology FINAL
Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multi-cellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes? a) eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles b) some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure c) organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency d) compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species
c) organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency
A Biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the finch populations of a group of islands. It was determined that the average beak size (both length and mass) of finches in a certain population increased dramatically during an intense drought between 1981 and 1987. During the drought, there was a reduction in the number of plants producing thin-walled seeds. Which of the following procedures was most likely followed to determine the change in beak size? a) A few finches were trapped in 1981 and again in 1987, and their beak sizes were compared. b) The beak size in fifteen finches was measured in 1987, and the beak size in the original finches was determined by estimation c) The beak size in a large number of finches was measured every year from 1981 to 1987 d) finches were captured and bred in 1981, and the beak size of the offspring was measured
c) The beak size in a large number of finches was measured every year from 1981 to 1987
Which of the following statements might best explain the increase in average beak size in the finch population during the drought? a) Finches with bigger beaks are better able to crack thick walled seeds and produce more surviving offspring b) finches with bigger beaks can attack and kill finches with smaller beaks c) finches with bigger beaks posses more-powerful flight muscles and are able to find more food d) Finches that crack large seeds develop larger beaks over time
a) Finches with bigger beaks are better able to crack thick walled seeds and produce more surviving offspring
Sickle-cell anemia results from a point mutation in the HBB gene. The mutation results in the replacement of an amino acid that has a hydrophillic R-group with an amino acid that has a hydrophobic R-group on the exterior of the hemoglobin protein. Such a mutation would most likely result in altered: a) properties of the molecule as a result of abnormal interactions between adjacent hemoglobin molecules b) DNA structure as a result of abnormal hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases c)fatty acid structure as a result of changes in ionic interactions between adjacent fatty acid chains d) protein secondary structure as a result of abnormal hydrophobic interactions between r-groups in the backbone of the protein
a) properties of the molecule as a result of abnormal interactions between adjacent hemoglobin molecules
Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind the change in beak size in the finch population? a) the formation of two new finch species from a single parent species b) a change in gene frequencies in the finch population due to selective pressure from the environmental change c) a new allele appearing in the finch population as a result of mutation d) the achievement of dynamic equilibrium in the finch population as a result of homeostasis
b) a change in gene frequencies in the finch population due to selective pressure from the environmental change
Food web Which of the following is the most likely result at the completion of the project? a) the biomass of coyotes will be 6 kg, and the biomass of hawks will be 0.5 kg b) the biomass of coyotes will be dramatically reduced c) the coyotes will switch prey preferences and outcompete the hawks d) there will be 50 percent fewer voles and 90 percent fewer hawks
b) the biomass of coyotes will be dramatically reduced
The biologist discovered that from 1988 to 1993, the average beak size declined to pre-1981 levels. The reversal in beak size from 1988 to 1993 was likely related to which of the following events? a) a loss of food supply for the finches b) the end of the drought c) an increase in drought conditions d) an increase in predators consuming finches
b) the end of the drought
A group of students summarized information of five great extinction events. The students are sampling a site in in search of fossils from the Devonian period. Based on the chart, which of the following would be the most reasonable plan for the students to follow? a) searching horizontal rock layers in any class of rock and try to find those that contain the greatest number of fossils b) collecting fossils from rock layers deposited prior to the Permian period that contain some early vertebrate bones c) Looking sedimentary layers next to the bodies of water in order to find marine fossils of bivalves and trilobites d) Using relative dating techniques to determine the geological ages of the fossils found so they can calculate the rate of speciation of early organisms
c) Looking sedimentary layers next to the bodies of water in order to find marine fossils of bivalves and trilobites
