AP Brain Mod. 31-33 (based off of old test review)

Mnemonic devices such as the peg-word system make effective use of

visual imagery.

Which of the following is the best example of the testing effect?

Repeated quizzing of information increases the chances it will be recalled.

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change?

I will forget most psychological concepts soon after learning them, but the information I recall after that immediate drop will be retained for years.

Effortful processing can occur only with

conscious attention.

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effects.

Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is ________.

drunk; drunk

To prevent encoding failure you should

engage in effortful processing.

The ability to learn something without any conscious memory of having learned it suggests the need to distinguish between

explicit memory and implicit memory.

Research on memory construction indicates that

false memories often feel as real as true memories.

The prolonged stress of sustained physical abuse may inhibit memory formation by shrinking the

hippocampus

Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________.

hippocampus; cerebellum

A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory.

long-term

Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.

retention; acquisition

The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful

retrieval cue.

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of

retroactive interference.

The process by which information is encoded by its meaning is called

semantic encoding.

The self-reference effect best illustrates the value of

semantic encoding.

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.

sensory

A baseball strikes Ashley in the head and she is momentarily knocked unconscious. The physical injury, though not serious, is most likely to interfere with Ashley's ________ memory.

short-term

As a child, Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Andre's false recollection best illustrates

source amnesia.

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.

7

Which term best describes parallel processing?

automatic

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of

encoding failure.

Negative recall primed by distressing emotions most clearly illustrates

mood-congruent memory.

The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of

rehearsal

Speed-reading complex material yields little long-term retention because it inhibits

rehearsal.

A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is known as

repression

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

short-term

An attorney uses misleading questions in an attempt to distort a court witness' recall of a previously observed crime. This best illustrates

the misinformation effect.

Police interrogators have been trained to ask less suggestive and more effective questions to avoid

the misinformation effect.

Memory is best defined as

the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information.

Proactive interference refers to the

disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Your ability to immediately recognize the voice over the phone as your mother's illustrates the value of

acoustic encoding.

Answerwering practice test questions about text material you have studied is a useful strategy for

becoming aware of what you do not yet know.

The organization of information into meaningful units is called

chunking

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that

portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been.

Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some old experiences with a junior high school boyfriend. The effect of the novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of

priming

Studying psychological concepts while riding the bus, walking to lunch, and waiting for class to begin will improve your memory of the concepts by taking advantage of

the spacing effect

The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than massed study is known as

the spacing effect.

As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed?

working memory