AP CHEM CHAPTER 8 & 9

As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases, the distance between the atoms __________ and the strength of the bond between them __________.

decreases, increases

Using the VSEPR model, the electron-domain geometry of the central atom in BrF4- is __________.

octahedral

According to MO theory, overlap of two p atomic orbitals produces __________.

one pi MO and one pi* MO or one sigma MO and one sigma* MO

A typical triple bond consists of __________.

one sigma and two pi bonds

The type of compound that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is __________.

one that is composed of only nonmetals

To convert from one resonance structure to another, __________.

only electrons can be moved

For molecules of the general formula ABn, n can be greater than four __________.

only when A is an element from the third period or below the third period

The ð bond in ethylene, H2C=CH2, results from the overlap of __________.

p atomic orbitals

Resonance structures differ by __________.

placement of electrons only

The bond order of a homonuclear diatomic molecule can be decreased by __________.

removing electrons from a bonding MO or adding electrons to an antibonding MO

Structural changes around a double bond in the __________ portion of the rhodopsin molecule trigger the chemical reactions that result in vision.

retinal

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula ABn are __________.

sometimes the same

The hybridization of nitrogen in the H-C- - -N: molecule is __________.

sp

The hybridization scheme for BeF2 is __________.

sp

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 The electron-domain geometry of a carbon-centered compound is tetrahedral. The hybridization of the central carbon atom is __________.

sp3

The hybridizations of nitrogen in NF3 and NH3 are __________ and __________, respectively.

sp3, sp3

The electron-domain geometry of the AsF5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. The hybrid orbitals used by the As atom for bonding are __________ orbitals.

sp3d

The hybrid orbitals used for bonding by the sulfur atom in the SF4 molecule are __________ orbitals.

sp3d

The hybridizations of iodine in IF3 and IF5 are __________ and __________, respectively.

sp3d, sp3d2

__________ hybrid orbitals are used for bonding by Xe in the XeF4 molecule.

sp3d2

The electron domain and molecular geometry of BrO2- is __________.

tetrahedral, bent

The molecular geometry of the CHF3 molecule is __________, and the molecule is __________.

tetrahedral, polar

The more effectively two atomic orbitals overlap, __________.

the lower will be the energy of the resulting bonding MO and the higher will be the energy of the resulting antibonding MO

For resonance forms of a molecule or ion, __________.

the observed structure is an average of the resonance forms

The electron-domain geometry and the molecular geometry of a molecule of the general formula ABn will always be the same if __________.

there are no lone pairs on the central atom

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 The blending of one s atomic orbital and two p atomic orbitals produces __________.

three sp2 hybrid orbitals

Using the VSEPR model, the electron-domain geometry of the central atom in SF4 is __________.

trigonal bipyramidal

Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry of the central atom in BF3 is __________.

trigonal planar

A molecule has the formula AB3 and the central atom is in a different plane from the surrounding three atoms. Its molecular shape is __________.

trigonal pyramidal

The molecular geometry of the BrO3- ion is __________.

trigonal pyramidal

The molecular geometry of the PF3 molecule is __________, and this molecule is __________.

trigonal pyramidal, polar

Dynamite __________.

was invented by Alfred Nobel, is made of nitroglycerine and an absorbent such as diatomaceous earth, is a much safer explosive than pure nitroglycerine, is an explosive

Of the bonds C-N, C=N, and C - - - N, the C-N bond is __________.

weakest/longest

The electron-domain geometry of __________ is tetrahedral. a. CBr4 b. PH3 c. CCl2Br2 d. XeF4 e. all of the above except XeF4

all of the above except XeF4

In order to exhibit delocalized pi bonding, a molecule must have __________.

at least two resonance structures

Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry of the central atom in SO2 is __________.

bent

In the nitrite ion (NO2-), __________.

both bonds are the same

In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a __________ is not included.

core level electron pair

Of the following, only __________ has sp2 hybridization of the central atom. a. CO32- b. PF5 c. l3- d. PH3 e. ICl3

CO32-

Of the atoms below, __________ is the most electronegative.

Cl

Which ion has a noble gas electron configuration

Cl-

A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.

ClF3

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 Which of the molecules has a see-saw shape?

(iii)

The oxidation number of iron in Fe2O3 is __________.

+3

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of the Be-Be bond in the Be2 molecule is __________.

0

The bond order of any molecule containing equal numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons is __________.

0

There are __________ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a (an) sodium ion.

0

The bond length in an HI molecule is 1.61 Å and the measured dipole moment is 0.44 D. What is the magnitude (in units of e) of the negative charge on I in HI?

0.057

For molecules with only one central atom, how many lone pairs on the central atom guarantees molecular polarity?

1

How many single covalent bonds must a chlorine atom form to have a complete octet in its valence shell?

1

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond orders of the H-H bonds in H2, H2+ and H2- are __________, respectively

1, 1/2, and 1/2

The central iodine atom in IF5 has __________ unbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.

1, 5

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of the H-H bond in the H2+ ion is __________.

1/2

Given that the average bond energies for C-H and C-Br bonds are 413 and 276 kJ/mol, respectively, the heat of atomization of bromoform (CHBr3) is __________ kJ/mol.

1241

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in HBr?

1s on H and 4p on Br

An antibonding pi orbital contains a maximum of __________ electrons.

2

Based on molecular orbital theory, the bond order of the C-C bond in the C2 molecule is __________.

2

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 There are __________ unhybridized p atomic orbitals in an sp-hybridized carbon atom.

2

The central Xe atom in the XeF4 molecule has __________ unbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.

2, 4

The central iodine atom in the ICl4- ion has __________ nonbonded electron pairs and __________ bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.

2, 4

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in N2?

2p

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 When three atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are formed?

3

The sp2 atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates __________ electron domains.

3

Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 When four atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybrid orbitals, how many hybrid orbitals are formed?

4

In the Lewis symbol for a sulfur atom, there are __________ paired and __________ unpaired electrons.

4, 2

PCl5 has __________ electron domains and a __________ molecular arrangement.

5, trigonal bipyramidal

The sp3d2 atomic hybrid orbital set accommodates __________ electron domains.

6

There are __________ paired and __________ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a chlorine atom.

6, 1

Which of the following would have to lose three electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration? Si Mg Al Cl P

Al

Which two bonds are least similar in polarity? a. Al-Cl and I-BrThis is the correct answer. b. B-F and Cl-F c. I-Br and Si-Cl d. O-F and Cl-F e. C-Cl and Ge-Cl

Al-Cl and I-Br

(i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 Of the molecules below, only __________ is polar.

AsH3

Which atom can accommodate an octet of electrons, but doesn't necessarily have to accommodate an octet?

B

Based on the octet rule, boron will most likely form a __________ ion.

B3+

(i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 Of the molecules below, only __________ is nonpolar.

BF3

A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.

BeH2

In which of the molecules below is the carbon-carbon distance the shortest?

H-C - - - C-H

Molecular Orbital theory correctly predicts diamagnetism of fluorine gas, F2. This is because __________.

all electrons in the MO electron configuration of F2 are paired.

Of the bonds below, __________ is the least polar. K, Br b. C, O c. C, F d. N, OThis is the correct answer. e. S, O

N, O

Of the following molecules, only __________ is polar. a. BCl3 b. Cl2 c. BeCl2 d. CCl4 e. NCl3

NCl3

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding? NO2- NH4+ N3-

NO2- only

Of the following, only __________ appears to gain mass in a magnetic field.

O2

(i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 Three monosulfur fluorides are observed: SF2, SF4, and SF6. Of these, __________ is/are polar.

SF2 and SF4 only

Which of the following molecules or ions will exhibit delocalized bonding? SO2 SO3 SO32-

SO2 and SO3

(i) PCl3 (ii) CCl4 (iii) TeCl4 (iv) XeF4 (v) SF6 Of the molecules below, only __________ is polar.

SeF4

A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.

SeF4

Which of the following would have to lose two electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration? O Sr Na Se Br

Sr

Which of the following does not have eight valence electrons?

Sr+1

Of the following, the central atom is sp3d2 hybridized only in __________.

XeF4

Fe+2 ions are represented by

[Ar]3d6

What is the electron configuration for the Fe2+ ion?

[Ar]4s03d6

An electron domain consists of __________.

a, b, and c

The Lewis structure of N2H2 shows __________.

each nitrogen has one nonbonding electron pair

The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is __________.

electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions

Valence bond theory does not address the issue of __________.

excited states of molecules

In molecular orbital theory, the (sigma) 1s orbital is __________ and the (sigma)1s* orbital is __________ in the H2 molecule.

filled, empty

In comparing the same two atoms bonded together, the __________ the bond order, the __________ the bond length, and the __________ the bond energy.

greater, shorter, greater

In a typical multiple bond, the ó bond results from overlap of __________ orbitals and the pi bond(s) result from overlap of __________ orbitals.

hybrid, atomic

The hybridization of orbitals on the central atom in a molecule is sp. The electron-domain geometry around this central atom is __________.

linear

Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry of the central atom in XeF2 is __________.

linear

The molecular geometry of the BeCl2 molecule is __________, and this molecule is __________.

linear, nonpolar