AP CHEMISTRY
How do you derive an empirical compound from a molecular?
Find the lowest ratio
Name the amount of elements and atoms in the following compound Na9012(Ca3Br2)2
Four elements, 31 atoms
Calculate the percent abundance of isotopes given the average atomic mass and isotopic masses of an element.
(Fractional Abundance of isotope 1 + mass of isotope 1) X (Fractional Abundance of isotope 2 + mass of isotope 2) For finding individual, add all the masses together and divide an individual isotope by the whole
What are three mole facts
1 mole=22.4L=6.02 X 10^23particles+
What are the three theories that Dalton explained in the terms of atoms?
1. Law of Conservation of Matter 2. Law of Definite/ Constant Proportions 3. Law of Multiple Proportions
Law of Definite/Constant Proportions
A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
Explain the difference between accuracy and precision
Accuracy is how close to the actual value the measurement is Preciseness is how close your values are
List the names of the 1nd, 2nd, 17th, and 18th row
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gas
What is a hydrates and anhydrous compounds?
Anhydrous compound have all of the water removed
What is an anion and a cation?
Anions are negative, formed by gaining electrons Cations are positive ions, formed by losing electrons
How do you write the formula for a Binary Molecular Compound?
Ionic charges are not used, NONMETALS ONLY, prefixes are used Names end in ide
What is the significance of a mole?
It tells the amount of molecules in a compound/element/atom
Law of Conservation of Matter
Mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
What are the charges, masses, and locations of the three particles that make up an atom?
Proton: Charge +1,Mass 1.673 X 10^-27 kg, Nucleus Neutron: Charge 0, Mass 1.675 X 10^-27, Nucleus Electron: Charge -1, Mass 9.109 X 10^-31, Orbital
220 86 RN
Protons: 86 Electrons: 86 Neutrons: 134
If the number of protons(A) is given, along with neutrons(B), find the rest of the masses
Protons: A Neutrons: B Electrons: A Mass Number: A+B
What are the three particles that make up an atom and their symbols?
Protons: p+ Electrons: e- Neutrons:n^0
How can one know the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom or ion?
Protons= Atomic Number Neutrons=Mass number- Protons Electrons=Protons Mass Number=Protons+Neutrons
State the four "signpost scientists," their experiments, what they added to the atomic theory and the name of their model
Thomson, Rutherford, Millikan, Becouec T: shot cathode rays at a tube and discovered electrons R: Shot a particles at a thin sheet of metal foil and discovered the nucleus M: oil spread, Mass of electrons B: Mineral with uranium could produce images on a photographic page with the abscence of light
What is an isotope?
Two atoms with different mass numbers, but the same atomic number because it exists, but is less common in nature
Law of Multiple Proportions
When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with 1 Gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers
How do you write the formula for a Binary Ionic Compound?
Write the Cation first, make the charge equal zero