AP CLASSROOM FINAL PREP
Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity?
Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight
Which of the following would be most helpful to determine the soil texture of a sample?
A density gradient tube and a soil triangle
This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.
Freshwater wetlands
The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.
Gross primary productivity
Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?
Pollination, decomposition, and water purification
Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?
The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?
Tropical rain forest
An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?
As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service that would provide protection from a hurricane storm surge?
An intact coastal wetland
This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.
Cellular respiration
Which of the following density-independent factors can affect the size of a human population?
Heat waves
A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?
200kilocalories/meter2/year
The demographic transition model describes population change over time as a country becomes more developed. Age-structure diagrams describe how populations are distributed across age ranges. Which of the following age-structure diagrams best displays the age ranges in a country that is in stage 2 of the demographic transition?
An expansive pyramid age-structure diagram
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?
An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
Based on current trends and patterns, which of the following statements best predicts how the human population will change over the next 50 years?
As the population density increases, there will be an increase in disease transmission, leading to increased mortality.
This biome is found in shallow waters off the coastline and is Earth's most biologically diverse marine biome.
Coral reefs
A variety of plants and animals inhabit a forest ecosystem. Which statement correctly explains why certain organisms would be more likely to survive than others if a forest fire burned the area?
Generalist species are more likely to survive because they can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources.
Which of the following best describes a difference between generalist species and specialist species?
Generalists use a large range of resources, while specialists have a limited range of resources they use to survive.
A scientist is studying a biome that experiences large seasonal fluctuations in both temperature and precipitation patterns. Which of the following would best characterize the organisms that inhabit the biome?
Generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing.
Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?
If a primary producer stores 10,000kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10kcal of energy available.
Which of the following statements best describes why birth and death rates are changing in a country that is in Phase 2 of the demographic transition?
Individuals have better sanitation and access to clean drinking water.
In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?
Mutualism
The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.
Net primary productivity
Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain?
Phytoplankton
Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems?
Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are then consumed by organisms higher in the food chain.
A developer wants to develop a large tract of land near a watershed, which will require the removal of several large trees. Which of the following statements best describes the impact that the development would have on the watershed?
Removing large trees would cause an increase in temperature and keep the surrounding water and soil warmer.
This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.
Rivers
A country is currently in the second stage of the demographic transition. Currently the country has a birth rate of 37.9 births per 1,000 individuals and a death rate of 13.4 deaths per 1,000 individuals. Which of the following changes would indicate that the country is moving from the second stage into the third stage of the demographic transition?
The birth rate declines to 25.3 births per 1,000 individuals.
Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?
The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.
Researchers examined the effect of industrialization and increased pollution (soot) in London on the coloration in a single species of moths. Birds prey on the moths that are easily visible on trees. The researchers observed moths on tree trunks and recorded their body color. The percentage of moths with light colored bodies and the percentage of moths with dark bodies is shown on the graph above. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best describes the change in the population of moths as a result of industrialization?
The percentage of dark colored moths increased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths decreased in the population.
Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent. Which of the following statements best supports the results from the study?
The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?
Tropical rain forest
Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?
Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark.
The rule of 70 can be used to determine a population's doubling time. Doubling time is a measure of the
population growth rate
