AP Classroom Part #3
American participation in the Second World War had which of the following major effects on the home front? A.) A movement of women into factory work B.) The breakdown of racial segregation in the South C.) The growth of isolationism in the Midwest D.) The introduction of a system of national health insurance E.) A decline in farm income
A.) A movement of women into factory work
Despite its isolationist position in the 1920's, the United States government actively intervened throughout the decade in which of the following areas of European affairs? A.) International finance and reparations B.) Collective security against communism C.) Human rights D.) Resistance to fascism E.) Development of international cartels
A.) International finance and reparations
The bracero program encouraged A.) Mexican workers to come to the United States as temporary laborers from the 1940s to the 1960s B.) federal courts to protect the civil rights of Mexican Americans in the 1960s C.) the United States media to broadcast Latino music and movies in the 1980s D.) Congress to enact more restrictive immigration laws in the 1990s E.) Latino immigrants to pursue United States citizenship
A.) Mexican workers to come to the United States as temporary laborers from the 1940s to the 1960s
Which of the following was a common experience on the United States home front during the Second World War? A.) Rationing of basic consumer goods B.) Frequent antiwar protests C.) Government attempts to misinform the public about the war's death toll D.) The belief that society could simultaneously pay for both its war effort and its social- welfare legislation E.) Highly publicized trials of suspected communists
A.) Rationing of basic consumer goods
Which of the following was Harry Truman's stated reason for authorizing the use of the atomic bomb against Japan? A.) Using the atomic bomb would prevent the need for a costly invasion of Japan. B.) Dropping the atomic bomb would demonstrate United States military capability to the Soviets. C.) An earlier United States land assault against Japan had been unsuccessful. D.) The development of the atomic bomb had been expensive. E.) The United States should retaliate in response to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.
A.) Using the atomic bomb would prevent the need for a costly invasion of Japan.
All of the following have been cited as reasons for the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 EXCEPT the need to A.) block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States B.) keep the Soviet Union out of the war against Japan C.) save American lives D.) demonstrate American superiority in weaponry to the Soviet Union E.) force the unconditional surrender of Japan
A.) block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States
The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to A.) enter the labor force B.) vote in union elections C.) enlist in the armed forces D.) join machinists' unions E.) sew military uniforms
A.) enter the labor force
Which of the following messages did the United States government most likely intend to impart in the Second World War poster pictured above? A.) Promotion of union membership for workers in war industries B.) Encouragement of greater acceptance of African American workers in wartime industrial jobs C.) Celebration of the United States policy of racial integration in the armed forces D.) Response to criticism that corporate profiteering undermined United States war efforts E.) Counterpoint to the Rosie the Riveter image by showing that men, as well as women, worked in war industries
B.) Encouragement of greater acceptance of African American workers in wartime industrial jobs
Which of the following best explains the factor that prompted United States involvement in military actions during the Second World War? A.) Germany attempted to convince the Mexican government to attack the United States B.) Japan conducted a surprise attack on a United States military base C.) Germany declared war against the United States D.) The Japanese navy carried out strikes against United States shipping interests
B.) Japan conducted a surprise attack on a United States military base
The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States upheld the constitutionality of A.) flag burning as a form of free speech B.) the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity C.) prohibiting Japanese workers from immigrating to the United States D.) private prayer in public schools E.) excluding Japanese American children from California public schools
B.) the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity
Which of the following ways best explains how the United States attempted to influence the outside world following the conclusion of the First World War? A.) It established mutual defense treaties to discourage war from occurring. B.) It granted independence to colonies such as the Philippines to encourage European countries to end their empires. C.) It used trade and investment in order to maintain international connections. D.) It contributed to rebuilding European militaries in order to discourage invasions.
C.) It used trade and investment in order to maintain international connections.
"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. "The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. "The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. "The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. "The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world." President Franklin D. Roosevelt, State of the Union address, January 1941 Roosevelt's speech was most likely intended to increase public support for A.) extending New Deal programs to guarantee unemployment benefits B.) integrating the United States armed forces C.) aiding the Allies in Europe during the Second World War D.) enhancing rights protected by the United States Constitution
C.) aiding the Allies in Europe during the Second World War
The American home front in the Second World War is best described as A.) politically divided over the wisdom of the American war effort B.) unaffected by ethnic and racial tensions C.) economically invigorated by military spending D.) rededicated to the reform efforts of the New Deal E.) demoralized by food shortages
C.) economically invigorated by military spending
During the Second World War, Japanese Americans were relocated because of A.) the need for skilled workers in specialized industries in Utah and Montana B.) previous laws that had incarcerated German Americans C.) fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort D.) the fact that most Japanese Americans were not citizens E.) the continued efforts by the United States military to stop immigration to California
C.) fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort
One major effect of the Second World War was increased opportunities for women in A.) combat command B.) higher education C.) industrial employment D.) domestic work E.) political office
C.) industrial employment
The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act was to A.) create military bases outside the borders of the United States B.) lend money to impoverished farmers C.) provide military supplies to the Allies D.) provide subsidies to railroads and businesses E.) exchange scientific information among nations
C.) provide military supplies to the Allies
"Since the 1890s, despite the abolition of slavery and the three Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution, Jim Crow segregation pervaded every aspect of American society. The military was no exception. Following the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, black men who volunteered for duty or were drafted were relegated to segregated divisions and combat support roles, such as cook, quartermaster, and grave digger. The military was as segregated as the Deep South. "It was difficult for African Americans not to see the hypocrisy between conditions at home and the noble war aims that President Franklin Roosevelt articulated in his famous 'Four Freedoms' speech on January 6, 1941. And because of the gap between the promise and the performance of American freedom when it came to race relations, many black people frankly felt alienated from the war effort. "Despite this discrimination, more than 2.5 million African Americans registered for the draft when World War II began; 1 million served. A key voice in the war effort was the Pittsburgh Courier, the nation's most widely read African-American newspaper. Two months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Courier launched a national campaign that urged black people to give their all for the war effort, while at the same time calling on the government to do all it could to make the rhetoric of the Declaration of Independence and the equal rights amendments to the Constitution real for every citizen, regardless of race. In honor of the battle against enemies from without and within, they called it the Double V campaign." Henry Louis Gates, Jr., historian, "How Was Black Support Enlisted for World War II, When the Armed Services Were Segregated?," 2017 Which of the following best explains an effect of the events described in the excerpt? A.) African Americans increasingly moved away from urban areas. B.) New forms of expression emerged in African American art and culture. C.) Support by African Americans for New Deal policies declined. D.) African American socioeconomic standing improved overall.
D.) African American socioeconomic standing improved overall.
Which of the following was most responsible for the change shown between 1938 and 1942 on the chart above? A.) The illness and death of unemployed workers B.) A redefinition of unemployment by the United States Census Bureau C.) Legislation of the second New Deal D.) Industrial mobilization related to the Second World War E.) A global economic boom following the Great Depression
D.) Industrial mobilization related to the Second World War
"The Communists are in China to stay. And China's destiny is not [Chinese nationalist leader Jiang Jieshi's] but theirs. In this unhappy dilemma, the United States should attempt to prevent the disaster of a civil war through adjustment of the new alignment of power in China by peaceful process. The desirable means to this end is to encourage the reform and revitalization of the Kuomintang [Nationalist Party of China] so that it may survive as a significant force in a coalition government [with the Chinese Communist Party]. If this fails, we must limit our involvement with the Kuomintang and must commence some cooperation with the Communists, the force destined to control China, in an effort to influence them further into an independent position friendly to the United States. We are working against time because, if the USSR enters the war against Japan and invades China before either of these alternatives succeeds, the Communists will be captured by the USSR and become Soviet satellites." John Paton Davies, United States diplomat in China, "Observations on the Struggle for Power in China," 1943 The purpose of the excerpt is best explained as promoting which of the following? A.) Withdrawing United States military support from China before the end of the Second World War B.) Encouraging the Chinese government to invade the Soviet Union after the Second World War C.) Forming a military alliance with the communists before the end of the Second World War D.) Negotiating a peaceful settlement in China to limit Soviet influence after the Second World War
D.) Negotiating a peaceful settlement in China to limit Soviet influence after the Second World War
Which of the following best describes the experience of Americans of Japanese descent during the Second World War? A.) They were forced to take loyalty oaths along with Americans of Italian and German descent. B.) They were expelled from Hawaii and California. C.) The Supreme Court intervened to protect them from wartime hysteria. D.) They were forced from their homes and businesses on the West Coast into detention camps. E.) The Department of the Army repatriated them forcibly to Japan.
D.) They were forced from their homes and businesses on the West Coast into detention camps.
