AP Euro Chapter 17

The British abolitionist movement...

allowed women a prominent role in the activities of the movement.

What valuable trade right did Britain gain in the Peace of Utrecht, which concluded the War of the Spanish Succession?

control over Spain's West African slave trade

Famine was murderous to European populations because

it was accompanied by disease.

The agricultural revolution established...

market-oriented estate agriculture.

Before 1700 the total population of Europe grew...

slowly, and it followed an irregular cyclical pattern.

Jethro Tull promoted....

sowing seed with drilling equipment to ensure that it was distributed evenly and at the optimum depth.

Guild membership was restricted to local men who had demonstrated all of the following except... * they had received their training from a local master. * they had paid stiff membership fees. * they were good Christians. * they had completed a masterpiece.

they had received their training from a local master.

What was the fundamental goal of European mercantilism?

to increase the power of the state

What strategic decision did the British make in order to gain the advantage in the Seven Years' War?

Britain diverted troops and resources from the war in Europe to strengthen its forces in the colonies.

As the slave trade expanded in the eighteenth century, which of the following best characterizes the system most commonly used to obtain slaves from Africa?

Europeans used the shore method of trading, in which European ships sent boats ashore to buy slaves from African slave dealers.

What best characterizes agricultural production in the Middle Ages?

Farming methods could sustain fairly large numbers of people but were unable to produce material abundance.

What best characterizes the ideas of Adam Smith?

Free competition best protects consumers and gives all citizens a fair and equal right to do what they do best.

Prior to the War of the Spanish Succession, why did Britain feel threatened by the possible union of France and Spain?

French and Spanish colonies threatened to encircle and destroy the British colonies in North America.

How did the French colonists' treatment of mixed-race children compare to that of English colonists?

French slave masters often acknowledged and freed their mixed-race children, while British masters generally left their mixed-race children in slavery.

What best characterizes the activities of guild masters in the eighteenth century?

Guild masters adopted new technologies and circumvented impractical rules.

How did the industrious revolution affect rural households?

Households were no longer structured around a united family business.

Which of the following does not correctly identify a variation in how guilds functioned across Europe? * In England, national regulations superseded guild regulations. * In France, the Crown relied on guilds for taxes and enforcement of quality standards. * In Holland, guilds limited economic growth through strict regulation of production standards. * In Germany, guilds violently protested the encroachment of non-guild workers.

In Holland, guilds limited economic growth through strict regulation of

How did the draining of swamps aid population growth in the eighteenth century?

It reduced the large inspect population, which played a major role in spreading diseases.

What best identifies the status of Jews in the colonial Americas?

Jews were considered to be white Europeans and thus ineligible to be enslaved.

Why did the putting-out system not work effectively for luxury goods?

Luxury goods required special training and close supervision.

What best characterizes the putting-out system?

Merchants loaned raw materials to cottage workers, who processed the materials in their homes.

What best characterizes the development of Christianity in European colonies in the New World?

Native populations adopted Christianity through a complex process of cultural exchange that gave a distinctive character to New World Christianity.

What advantage did peasants in western Europe have over those in eastern Europe?

Peasants in western Europe owned land and could pass it on to their children.

How did the British operate within India in the seventeenth century?

The British obtained trade concessions from the Mughal emperor.

How did the Dutch alter the Indian Ocean system that the Portuguese had established?

The Dutch turned the East Indian states into dependents under outright Dutch control.

Why did soil become exhausted, requiring fallow periods of recovery?

The annual planting of wheat depleted nitrogen in the soil.

What best characterizes the consequences of the Seven Years' War?

The war was inconclusive in Europe but destroyed French power on mainland North America

How did Creole populations in the Spanish colonies express their sense of identity?

They adopted European ways of life but came to resent colonial rule.

How did women entering the labor market affect their role in society?

They gained a greater role in household decision making

How did merchants seek to retain control over rural workers?

They obtained new police powers over workers.

Supporters of the enclosure movement asserted that...

a revolution in village life and organization was the necessary price of technological progress.

The British victory in the Seven Years' War secured for Britain...

a vast trading and colonial empire.

Europeans learned to eliminate fallow periods in fields by...

alternating grain crops with crops such as peas, beans, and root crops.

Who provided the labor for the founding of the British colony in Australia?

convicted prisoners

What problem did merchants face with the putting-out system?

difficulty in controlling rural labor spread out over the countryside

Dutch engineers taught the English how to effectively...

drain marshes to produce fertile fields

All of the following aided the population growth of the eighteenth century except... * absolutist governments improved roads and canals for transportation. * wars became less destructive than in the seventeenth century. * new foods from the Americas improved nutrition. * midwives received training to improve childbirth procedures.

midwives received training to improve childbirth procedures.

Eighteenth-century critics of guilds accused them of...

obstructing technical innovation.

The British Navigation Acts...

required British colonists to buy nearly all European goods from Britain.

Guild masters in France received all of the following privileges except... * exclusive rights to produce and sell certain goods. * access to restricted markets in raw materials. * the right to train apprentices. * the right to borrow money against the guild's common funds.

the right to borrow money against the guild's common funds.