AP Euro Chapter 22

Organized religion perpetuates superstition and ignorance

A statement that best expresses Voltaire's views concerning religion

Richard Arkwright

Created the water frame, producing more thread more efficiently than the spinning jenny.

Manchester

England, best example of an industrial city

The British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery"

In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that

James Watt

Invented first efficient steam engine by adding a separate condenser, allowed for larger factories and greater production.

Thomas Newcomen

Invented first inefficient steam engine that was often used in mine shafts.

Industrial dominance of Britain

The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851, commemorated the

Romanov

The family dynasty that ruled from 1613 until 1917 was the

Active support of the papacy

What was not a cause of the scientific revolution?

the Luddites

handicraft workers who attacked whole factories in northern England in 1812 and after smashing the new machines that they believed were putting them out of work.

Combination Acts

passed in 1799, these acts outlawed unions and strikes.

William Blake

romantic poet who called early factories "satanic mills" and protested against the hard life of the poor

Factory Act of 1833

this act limited the factory workday for children between nice and thirteen to eight hours and that of adolescents between fourteen and eighteen to twelve hours.

Mines Act of 1842

this act prohibited underground work for all women as well as for boys under ten.

England and the Dutch Republic

The two European powers that defied the pattern of absolute, centralized governments by the end of the 17th century were

the Great Exposition

This was a festival in Great Britain in 1851. It was hosted in the Crystal Palace, an enormous glass building. It's purpose was to bring all of the world's greatest inventors together. Great Britain had the biggest contribution. It was the first in a series of World's Fair exhibitions of culture and industry that were to become a popular 19th-century feature.

Thomas Malthus

Who wrote, "Essay on the Principle of Population?"

Friedrich List

Who wrote, "National System of Political Economy?"

Friedrich Engels

Who wrote, "The Conditions of the Working Class in England?"

David Ricardo

Who wrote, "The Iron Law of Wages?"

Thomas Malthus

Wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population, Claimed that population grows geometrically while the means of subsistence grows arithmetically, population will grow beyond society's ability to provide for the population if left unchecked, preventative checks on population - delayed marriage, sexual self control, little confidence that men and women would take preventative checks, so positive checks (famine, disease and warfare) are necessary to control population, his theory was very influential on a new field of study - political economics

Industrial Revolution

a term first coined by awed contemporaries in the 1830's to describe the burst of major inventions and technical changes they had witnessed in certain industries.

Iron Law of Wages

because of the pressure of population growth, wages would always sink to subsistence level, meaning that wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving.

Class Consciousness

conflicting classes existed, in part, because many individuals came to believe they existed and developed an appropriate sense of class feeling.

the Crystal Palace

the location of the Great Exposition in 1851 in London, an architectural masterpiece made entirely of glass and iron, both of which were now cheap and abundance.

David Ricardo

"The Iron Law of Wages", english pessimist who believes wages will never go up because they are subsistence, every time workers get more money, they will have more kids, which leads to more workers, which leads to the money having to be split up more

Friedrich List

-Considered the growth of modern industry of the utmost importance because manufacturing was a primary means of increasing people's well-being and relieving their poverty -He was a dedicated nationalist -Wrote National System of Political Economy -He focused on the practical policies of railroad building and the tariff -Supported the formation of a customs union among the separate German states

William Cockerill

-Left England illegally and introduced new methods abroad -He and his sons began building cotton-spinning equipment in French-occupied Belgium in 1799

Fritz Harcort

-business pioneer in German technology -saw the accomplishments of the English and decided Germany needed to catch up -imported English machines and materials and people, then started building his own steam engines, etc. -but it was very expensive and later was forced out of his company for extreme loses

Robert Owen

-stated that "very strong facts" demonstrated that employing children under 10 years of age as factory workers was "injurious to the children, and not beneficial to the proprietors" (Factory Act of 1833)

Cornelius Jansen

A pietist movement was provided to Roman Catholics by the theologian

It protected the private property and the authority of husbands within the family

A statement that accurately describes the Napoleonic Code?

Urban working class

A vocal element in the French Revolution, the sans-culottes were

Austria and Prussia

As the French Revolution began, what countries became the most vocal enemies?

George Stephenson

Brit who built the first successful steam locomotive, The Rocket, sped down the track at 16 mph

Typically worked an 8 hour day

By the mid-nineteenth century, industrial workers in Great Britain

Edmund Cartwright

Created the power loom so weavers could keep up with thread production

James Hargreaves

Created the spinning jenny, producing more cotton thread for weavers

The separation of governmental powers

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for

There are no innate ideas

John Locke's idea of the human mind as a tabula rasa illustrated his belief that

Preached free will and universal salvation

John Wesley's religious revival

the Chartists

Key demand for their movement was the right to vote for all adult men (universal manhood suffrage)

Friedrich Engels

Middle-class German, author of The Conditions of the Working Class in England, accusing the English middle classes and industrial capitalism as a whole of creating more poverty and murdering the working class

Expansion of cottage industries in the countryside

Prior to the expansion of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution, what contributed to the increase in production of manufactured goods?

New Harmony

Robert Owen attempted to create a utopian society here in Indiana

Ashley Mines Commision

The Ashley Mines Commission was an parliamentary commission that interviewed mine employers and workers from 1841-1842, focusing on physical conditions and sexual behavior of the workers. The inquiries resulted in the Mines Act of 1842, which sought to reduce immoral behavior and sexual bullying by prohibiting underground work for all women (and for boys younger than ten).

Aristocratic German landowners

The Junkers were

Frederick William I

The Prussian leader during the 18th century who was obsessed with all things military

Congress of Vienna

The era of the Napoleonic Wars was concluded by the

A new tempo and discipline

The greatest change workers faced with the shift from cottage industry to factory labor was