AP Euro- Chapter 23/24 Nationalism, Imperialism, and more AP Exam Review Quiz
Kulturkampf
Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church within Germany from 1870 to 1878, resulting from Pius IX's declaration of papal infallibility
By 1890, how had Japan met the challenge of Western expansion?
It selectively adopted those elements of Western society that were in keeping with Japanese tradition
What was the result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-85?
It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers
What medication proved to be effective in controlling malaria and allowing Europeans to venture into the mosquito-infested interior of Africa?
Quinine
In nineteenth-century Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi was a
romantic nationalist
Unlike other political parties, Marxist socialists
organized themselves into an international organization
white man's burden
The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living
The largest share of European foreign investment went to
European states and North America
Why did the conservative Bismarck pioneer the creation of an expansive system of social welfare?
He sought to blunt the attraction of socialism to the working classes and give them a small stake in the existing political system
When Hungary gained an independent status in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, how did it organize its domestic politics?
The Magyar nobility dominated both the peasantry and minority populations through the parliament
Red Shirts
The guerrilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry
How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort to unify Italy?
The nationalist leaders in central Italy overthrew their local princes and merged with Sardinia, despite the displeasure of the Great Powers
Opium Wars
Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions
People's Budget
A bill proposed after the Liberal Party came to power in Britain in 1906, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare services but was initially vetoed in the House of Lord
Crimean War
A conflict fought between 1853 and 1856 over Russian desires to expand into Ottoman territory; Russia was defeated by France, Britain, and the Ottomans, underscoring the need for reform in the Russian empire
Bloody Sunday
A massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905,triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy
Berlin Conference
A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa
hundred days of reform
A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge
What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?
Abolition of serfdom
Revisionism
An effort by moderate socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of the time
How did Louis Napoleon believe that the people should be represented in government?
By a strong national leader whose reforms would aid all the people
Afrikaners
Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa
What did the British use to break China's self-imposed isolation?
Opium
nativism
Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants
How did the expanding right to vote in the late nineteenth century affect national politics across Europe?
Politicians and parties became more responsive to the people they represented
What event directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the serfs?
Russian defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-56
Duma
The Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative classes
To what extent did the new imperialism result in economic gains and why?
The economic gains were limited because the new colonies were too poor to buy European goods and offered few immediately profitable investments
What did the Western world hope to achieve through the global economic system?
The largest share of gains from trade, technology, and migration would flow to the West and its propertied classes
new imperialism
The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad
global mass migration
The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided
What belief drove native opponents to European colonial rule?
The nationalist assertion that every people had a right to control their destiny
Reichstag
The popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871
Meiji Restoration
The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan
October Manifesto
The result of a paralyzing general strike in October 1905, a Russian decree that granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma (parliament) with real legislative power
How were governments able to use empires to ease social tensions and domestic political conflicts in the nineteenth century?
They encouraged the masses to savor foreign triumphs as examples of national glory and prestige
What was the political goal of creating free, compulsory elementary education in late-nineteenth-century France?
To act as a nation-building tool in which all children would be taught secular, republican values
What was the main goal of the new imperialism of the late nineteenth century?
To create large political empires
The typical European immigrant was
a small farmer or rural craftsperson
Otto von Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to his
attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire
Dreyfus
divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-Semites against Dreyfus; after Dreyfus was declared innocent, the French government severed all ties between the state and the church
What was the principle by which the European powers established their claim to an African territory after the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885?
effective occupation
After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia
imposed a harsh peace on France
The Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin asserted that imperialism
signaled the coming decay and collapse of capitalist society
Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden" referred to
the white race's supposed duty to civilize inferior, nonwhite races
