AP Euro Chapter 24

Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of

Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation

Social Darwinism

The application of Darwin's principle of organic evolution to the social order.

New Imperialism

The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad. Intense scramble for overseas territory.

The Pan-German League advocated

anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home

The Bismarckian System had the ultimate result of

dividing Europe into two opposing groups of nations, making war more likely

Pope Leo XIII responded to modern ideas in all of the following ways EXCEPT

embracing Marxist socialism

Which of the following Progressive-era laws went into effect during Woodrow Wilson's tenure as president in the United States?

graduated federal income tax

Friedrich Nietzsche glorified

irrationality

In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to

lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe

The October Manifesto of Nicholas II

led to the creation a legislative assembly known as the Duma

According to relativity theory

neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer

Transformism

old political groups were transformed into new government coalitions by political and economic bribery. Formed by Giolitti.

The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about the

subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world

The best example of Naturalism in literature can be found in the novels of

Émile Zola

Britain's Fabian Socialists

Favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means

Psychoanalysis

Freuds theories that undermined optimism about the rational nature of the human mind. (Unconsciousness, super ego)

The author whose work emphasizes suffering and faith as the means for the human soul to be purified was

Fyodor Dostoevsky

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the seat of reason is the

Ego

In 1905, who published "The Electro-Dynamics of Moving Bodies"?

Einstein

Relativity Theory

Einstein's theory that space and time are not absolute but relative to the observer. Both are interwoven into a four-dimensional space time continuum.

Camille Pissarro was one of the founders of

Impressionism

Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes for her achievements in

Physics and chemistry

The Boer War was fought by the British in

South Africa

General Strike

Strike by workers in most industries. Thought to have the power to inspire workers to take violent, heroic actions against the capitalist order.

Which revolutionary leader helped overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912?

Sun Yat-sen

Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?

Surrealism

The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was

Teaching

Germany entered the ranks of the imperialist powers by establishing African colonies including

The Cameroons

Abstract Painting

"art should speak directly to the soul", avoid references to visual reality and concentrate on color

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. (Rationality)

Zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.

In his Life of Jesus, Ernst Renan

All of these are correct

The pioneer in nursing who founded the Female Association of the Care of the Poor and Sick was

Amalie Sieveking

Suffragist

An advocate of the extension of voting rights (especially to women)

Post-Impressionism

An artistic movement that expressed world that could not normally be seen, like dreams and fantasy. Focused more on structure and form. Wanted to express inner feelings and produce a personal statement of reality rather than an imitation of objects.

Impressionism

An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing. Wanted to paint nature directly. Subject matters reflected the pastimes of the new upper class. Paintings utilized bright colors, dynamic brush strokes, and a more private scale.

The artist whose work garnered the highest price at the first Impressionist auction was

Berthe Morisot

The "open door" policy was to allow more freedom of trade in so-called spheres of influence in

China

The event which exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century was the

Dreyfus affair

The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which of the following countries?

Germany, Austria, Italy

Political Democracy

Give the government back to the people, get more people voting and end corruption with political machines. Characterized by universal suffrage and mass political parties

Pogroms

Government supported attacks against Jews in Russia. (Organized massacres)

The Triple Entente before 1914 included which of the following countries?

Great Britain, France, Russia

In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

House of Lords

Economic Imperialism

Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments. Great demand for natural resources not found in Western countries. Instead of trading, European investors wanted direct control of the areas these materials were found.

Anticlericalism

Opposition to the power of the clergy, especially in political affairs

The Symbolists were primarily associated with which of the following types of writing?

Poetry

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews.

In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in

Russia

The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were

Serbs and Austrians

Cubism

Used geometric designs as a visual stimuli to re-create reality in the viewer's mind. (Picasso)

Revolutionary Socialism

Violent action is the only way to achieve the goals of socialism.

Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement,

advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine

At its premier, Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, now considered as a classic example of modernism in music and ballet,

caused a riot by the audience because of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that

human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments

The greatest difference between Naturalism and Realism in literature was

in general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism

Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George was

passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers

British rule brought all of the following to India in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT

political democracy

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the unconscious is known as

repression

The Meiji Restoration in Japan

sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization

Maria Montessori exemplifies the "new woman" of modern times in that

she obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development

By the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?

the American Federation of Labor

Social Darwinism was

the application of the principle of organic evolution to the social order

Volkish Thought

the belief that German culture is superior and that the German people have a universal mission to save Western civilization from inferior races.

Modernism in music included all of the following elements EXCEPT

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms

The basis of the Bismarckian System was

the isolation of France through a series of military alliances

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs

Which of the following was NOT an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"

To advance the cause of women's suffrage, the Women's Social and Political Union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

took a radical, public, and well publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs

During the nineteenth century, Jews

were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions