ap euro famous documents and treaties
Treaty of Versailles
(1919)- returned AlsaceLorraine to France, made Danzig a free city under the League of nations, stripped Germany of most of its army and navy, demilitarized the Rhineland, distributed by mandates German overseas territory among France, Japan, Britain, and Australia, and drew up reparations for war damages.
Treaty of St. Germain
(1923)- broke up the Hapsburg Empire: created the new Austria and Hungary, Poland, Czechoslavakia and Yugoslavia.
Kellogg-Braind Pact
(1928)- also called Pact of Paris; outlawed war as an instrument of national policy; was signed by most nations of the world.
Statute of Westminster
(1931)- gave the dominions equal status in the United Kingdom and the right to withdrawal British Commonwealth of Nations at will.
Stimson Doctrine
(1932)- a warning by Secretary of State Henry Stimson to the Japanese declaring that the U.S. would not recognize territorial changes brought about by armed aggression
Atlantic Charter
(1941) pledged Britain and the Untied States not to seize territories of conquered nations, pledged collective security and freedom of seas; became part of the UN Charter on 1945.
Four Freedoms
(1941)- pronouncement by Franklin D. Roosevelt promising a future based on four freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear.
Marshall Plan
(1947)- was designed to check communistic expansion by pledging to help war-torn Europe, giving economic aid to all European nations.
NATO
(1949) - Collective defense of major European and North American states against the perceived threat of the USSR
Warsaw Pact
(1955) - military alliance between USSR and E European communist states as response to NATO
Maastricht Treaty
(1992) - Established the European Economic Community (EEC. EC. or Common Market)
Western European Union (WEU)
(WEU) (1948) designed to be "European leg" for NATO. Could become the "European Pillar" of NATO or the defense arm of the European Community.
Fourteen Points
s (1918)- Woodrow Wilson set forth the war aims of the Allies: a "peace without victory"- open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, popular sovereignty- and creation of the League of Nations
Balfour Declaration
(1917)- stated that Britain favored a homeland in Palestine for the Jews.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
(1791)- states that man are born and treated equal; advocated freedom of the press, speech and religion, trial by jury, the right to representative government, declares that the government should protect the life, liberty, and property of its people.
Code Napoleon
(1801)- established a uniform system of laws in France, abolishing feudalism.
Communist Manifesto
(1848)- presents Karl Marx's idea of the economic interpretation of history and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
(1917)- signed by Germany and the Bolshevik government, by which Russia withdrew from World War I.
Magna Carta
(1215)- the first significant charter of English liberty which curbed royal power; outlawed imprisonment without jury trial, and forbade the king to tax without consent of the Council.
Ninety-Five Theses
(1517)- Luther criticized abuses in the Catholic Church.
Peace of Augsburg
(1555)- Each German prince could decide the religion of his state.
Edict of Nantes
(1598)- Protestants in France were granted freedom of religion by King Henry IV (revoked in 1685).
Petition of Right
(1628)- restated precious English legal documents, especially that in which the King of England would not levy direct taxes without the consent of Parliamentary approval nor imprison anyone except with due process of the law.
Peace of Westphalia
(1648)- ended the Thirty Years War, in which Calvinists were given equal rights with the Catholics and Lutherans in Germany, and Holland and Switzerland were granted independence.
Habeous Corpus Act
(1679)- assured Englishmen of fair trial and freedom from unjust imprisonment.
Bill of Rights
(1689)- provided that the English rulers would not levy taxes without the consent of Parliament, and courts would not require excessive bail or impose cruel punishment.