AP Euro Natural Philosophers (Scientific Revolution)

Kepler

(Danish) 3 laws of planetary motion; used Brahe's observations with math to formulate theories

Brahe

(Danish) Planets revolve around sun which all revolves around the earth; lots of observation

Maria Sibylla Merian

(Dutch) Botanical and Zoological Illustrator

Vermuyden

(Dutch) the art of drainage

Ptolemy

(Egyptian) Geocentric/ptolemaic - everything revolves around earth (2nd Century BCE)

Bacon

(English) Empirical (scientific) method - inductive reasoning; followers created Royal Society (1660)

John Kay

(English) Flying Shuttle

Newton

(English) Law of Universal Gravitation, Centripetal Force, Acceleration, 3 Laws of Motion (Principia Mathematica), Calculus

Harvey

(English) circulatory system

Montagu

(English) integration of pus parties into european society

Townsend

(English) proponent of use of turnips for field replenishment ("Turnip" Townsend)

Tull

(English) seed drill, selective breeding

Jenner

(English) smallpox inoculation using cowpox

Galileo

(Florence) Law of inertia (makes a telescope), also writes about helio vs. geocentric

Descartes

(French) Analytical geometry, Cartesian Dualism (matter and mind), Deductive Reasoning; every action had an equal reaction; mechanistic universe

Coudray

(French) The proper technique of midwifery

Aristotle

(Greek) "Common sense" physics (heavier object falls faster; light and heavy elements; object tends to stay in rest) (1st Century BCE)

Galen

(Greek) 4 Humors, blood letting

Boyle

(Irish) Creates a vacuum (also has laws about gasses)

Vesalius

(Netherlands) structure of the human body

Copernicus

(Polish; moved to Italy) (1473-1543) Heliocentric; wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and published it on his deathbed (1543)

Paracelsus

(Swiss) Proponent of experimental method in medicine; pioneered use of chemicals and drugs