AP Euro Unit 5

Why was France unable to manage it's debt in the 18th century?

-1/2 of France's budget went to debt interest -Government could not gain bankruptcy as it did in the past -No central bank, no paper currency, and no created credit -Gov was dependent on the poorest classes even though it had been taxed to its limits. -Upper classes refused to pay taxes

When did the French Revolution begin? How did it begin? Who pushed it forward in the beginning?

-1789-1791 in the national assembly -financial gov was breaking down -King Luis XVI waned to raise taxes to pay for war expenses -The top 2 estates wouldn't pay taxes so the third estate was charged with the taxes (they were the poorest estate)

What was the Estates system? Who was in the Estates?

-1st Estate~ The clergy -2nd Estate~ The nobility -3rd Estate~ everyone else (95% of population) -A way for the king to divide up land among his people

What was the tennis court oath?

-3rd estate sworn to remain together until it had given France a constitution -3rd estate thus assumed sovereign power on behalf of the nation -dominated by the bourgeoisie -had to meet in an indoor tennis court because the usual spot was locked a guarded.

Who was Napoleon? Where did he come from and how did he rise to prominence?

-Born of Italian descent to a prominent Corsican family on Corsica -Military genius, specialized in artillery -an avid child of enlightenment and revolution -Associated with the Jacobins and advanced rapidly in the army due to vacancies caused by emigration of aristocratic officers -eventually inspired a divided country during the Directory period into a unified nation but at the price of individual liberty

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen.

-Constitutional blueprint for France -Enlightenment Philosophy: classical liberalism *Men are born and remain free and equal in rights *Liberty, Property, security, and resistance to oppression -Citizen regarded all french people no matter what class

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

-Economic Reasons -keep people employed -increased manufacturing

What was the Napoleonic Code? What Enlightenment ideals were embedded with the code?

-Legal unity provided first clear and complete codification of French Law -Longest lasting legacy of Napoleon's rule -Equality before law -Freedom of religion -Property rights -Abolition of serfdom -Gave women inheritance rights -denied women equal status with men **- it guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

-Members were younger and less cautious -Jacobin dominated the Legislative Assembly

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

-Napoleon Marched into Paris with his supporters -Seized power from Louis XVIII -The Battle of Waterloo *Last battle of the Napoleonic Wars *Napoleon defeated by the English *Napoleon banished to St. Helena where he died. *The 2nd Treaty of Paris: Allies no dealt harshly with France in subsequent negotiations

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

-Napoleon healed ties between the Catholic church -French Catholics could practice religion -Napoleon gain political power

What were the correct order of the phases of the French Rev?

-National Assembly -Legislative -National Constitution -directory

Who is Robespierre? How and why did he die?

-The "succeeder" of King Louis. He has the mind of a philosophe and wants the people to have a say. He also doesn't believe in the death penalty. -a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial.

What was the most radical phase of the French revolution?

-The National convention -many massacres and executions -reign of terror

Who was Olympe de Gouges? What is her significance during the French Rev?

-The rights of Women -applied the Declaration to women explicitly in each case -asserted the right of women to divorce their husbands under certain conditions, control property in marriage, and equal access to higher education, -civilian career and public employment *- FEMINIST

Who were the Jacobin and what was their reaction to women's political activity?

-They banned all women's political activity fearing them a distraction to women's proper domestic role -Jacobins dominated the Legislative Assembly and ran the advanced party of the Revolution, and led the country into war.

What was the Estates General

-assembly that represented the three estates -each estate was instructed to compile a list of suggestions and grievances -main issue was how they should vote

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?

-blocked the british ships from docking at french ports -tried to halt all trade between britian and Europe -destroyed britians economy and military force

What was the civil constitution of the clergy during the french revolution?

-created national church -biggest mistake made by National Assembly -clergy forced to take loyalty oath to the new gov -resulted in deeply dividing France because of religion

What were important trends of Enlightenment thought?

-economic rights?

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

-emergency gov't to deal with internal and external challenges to the revolution -ran by Maximilian Robespierre -Law of Maximum: a planned economy to respond to food shortages and relate economic problems.

What was the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen?

-guaranteed equality -representative government -individual freedom -Constitutional blueprint for France -Enlightenment Philosophy: classical liberalism *Men are born and remain free and equal in rights *Liberty, Property, security, and resistance to oppression -Citizen regarded all french people no matter what class

What was the "Great Fear:

-peasant attacked manor houses in an effort to destroy the legal records of their feudal obligations - Nobles were in fear of the serfs (third estate)

Between 1689-1815 what was the central issue in European diplomacy?

-trade -taxation

Mary Wollstonecraft

Feminist, published Vindication of the Rights of Women in 1792, writing were the bases of women's rights.

Storming of the Bastille

July 14, 1789, angry mob stormed the Bastille in search for gun powder and weapons. Began in response to food shortage, soaring bread prices, fear of military, and unemployment.

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolution's first two years?

Pleased at first because it weakened France, then felt threatened because their radical message was increasing.

Women's March to Versaille

There was rumors being spread the Marie Antoinette was hiding grain so a group of Women marched to Versaille and demanded that King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette move to Paris.

How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They were wanting to spread the Enlightenment ideals but they were conquering the lands

The Great Fear

Wave of violence from French Revolution. Peasants attacked manor houses in an effort to destroy the legal records of their feudal obligations. Nobles were in fear of the serfs (third estate)