AP Gov Test 3

Which amendment prevents the government from taking private property without just compensation?

5

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition theGovernment . . ." ?

A citizen calls a member of Congress to persuade her to vote yes on a bill.

Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would beapplied to the First Amendment?

A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change.

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause declares that "No State shall . . . deny to any person within itsjurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." In which of the following scenarios is this clause most likely to beused by the Supreme Court in its decision?

A local school district mandates racially segregated schools

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the FirstAmendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following scenarios would be considered a violation of the rights of someone accused of a crime,according to the Supreme Court?

A person who is unable to afford an attorney is tried and convicted of a crime without legal representation.

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a a t-shirt with a peace symbol at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered speech that is protected by the First Amendment?

An individual posts something on social media that is highly critical of the president.

Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time,place, and manner restrictions?

Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.

Which of the following is a similarity between the views expressed in the excerpt above and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

Both César Chávez and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. argued for the continued use of nonviolence to further their causes.

A school district in Seattle used the race of students as a tie-breaking factor to determine which students would beadmitted to the more popular schools in an attempt to maintain racial diversity. In the case Parents Involved inCommunity Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007), the Supreme Court ruled this plan unconstitutionalunder the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following statements offers the most accurate comparison betweenthis case and the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Both cases ruled against the school district based on the equal protection clause.

In the case Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Supreme Court ruled that segregation at a bus stop restaurant was illegal based on the Interstate Commerce Act. Which of the following explains how this case is similar to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Both cases struck down local ordinances that prescribed segregation.

In the case Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971), the parents of Chinese American students who attended a primarilyAsian American school challenged San Francisco's effort to desegregate the public schools, arguing that theirculture and language would be diluted if their children were dispersed from their local school. The Supreme Courtdenied the challenge from the parents basing their decision on the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the followingcases was most likely used in the decision as a precedent?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the

Civil Rights Act of 1964

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

Federal government only

Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the

First Amendment

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

Fourteenth Amendment

A classified Department of Defense study on the effectiveness of the United States involvement in the AfghanistanWar is obtained by a newspaper. The president seeks to block the publication of the document. The court rules infavor of the newspaper, citing as precedent the Supreme Court's decision in New York Times Co. v. United States(1971). Based on the ruling in the Supreme Court's decision, which of the following lines of reasoning does thecourt most likely use?

Freedom of the press requires that the government show a significant danger to national security in order to stop publication.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legalcounsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state?

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

"Gun control advocates might blanch at the notion thatall Americans would be required to receive firearms training and would certainly look askance at the idea of requiring allable-bodied citizens to purchase their own military-style assault weapons." Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the quote?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to thequestion whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering thatquestion, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of orderedliberty." Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense asa fundamental liberty?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

The Supreme Court first took a firm position on prior restraint in

New York Times Co. v. U.S.

The facts of whic h of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon?

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Which of the following Supreme Court cases establishes that a woman has a due process right to make a decisionwhether or not to have an abortion?

Roe v. Wade (1973)

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontationswith police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court casesbest justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home forself-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to thatdecision?

Selective incorporation

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?

Separation of students by race, even in equally good schools, is unconstitutional.

Which of the following was an argument used by the Supreme Court in upholding federal statutes outlawingsegregation in public accommodations?

Such segregation affected interstate commerce, and Congress therefore had the authority to outlaw it.

Civil liberties provide all citizens with fundamental liberties. Where can an enumeration of these liberties be found?

The Bill of Rights

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?

The Establishment Clause prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religion. The Free Exercise Clause protects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices.

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

The Fourteenth Amendment

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge theconstitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws?

The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated that, "[s]elf-defense is a basic right,recognized by many legal systems from ancient times to the present day" and that an individual's right to bear armswas "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition."

The Second Amendment

Which of the following did the most to expand civil rights in the 1950's?

The Supreme Court decision declaring state-mandated school segregation to be unconstitutional

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African American statelegislators between 1960 and 1992?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Supreme Court has ruled which of the following concerning the death penalty?

The death penalty is not necessarily cruel and unusual punishment.

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the United States Supreme Court stated, "that the [Constitution] protects the rightto possess a handgun in the home for the purpose of self-defense" and that the Second Amendment applied to thestates through which of the following constitutional clauses?

The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The clause of the United States Constitution that was used in the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was

The equal protection clause

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Supreme Court stated that the plaintiffs "seek the aid of thecourts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a non-segregated basis. In each instance,they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permittingsegregation according to race." The Supreme Court ruled "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."Which of the following provisions of the United States Constitution did the Supreme Court use to strike down racialsegregation in state public schools?

The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

A woman is arrested for possessing illegal substances that were obtained after a warrantless search of her home bylocal police. Which of the following best explains whether the evidence could be used in a criminal trial?

The exclusionary rule, derived from the Fourth Amendment, prevents the evidence from being used against the suspect.

Which of the following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the government's use of prior restraint?

The fallen pillars

Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights could support the actions that César Chávez is encouraging the farmworkers to take?

The right to assemble

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a schoolboard decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selectiveincorporation?

When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth gradeeven if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfthgrade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

A law declaring an act illegal without benefit of a judicial trial, is known as

a bill of attainder.

A writ of habeas corpus refers to

a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment

The Supreme Court addressed the admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote for the court, "in the context of its individualized inquiry into the possible diversity contributions of all applicants, the Law School's race-conscious admissions program does not unduly harm nonminority applicants." The primary issue of controversy in the Grutter v. Bollinger decision involves

affirmative action

Which of the following activities is permissible in the eyes of the Supreme Court?

discussion of the Ten Commandments as part of world history

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

equality for women

The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply tothe actions of state governments is known as

incorporation

The Supreme Court established the incorporation doctrine when the Court

interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as extending most of the requirements of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal government

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to

make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

Jim Crow laws, still in place in the early 1960s in the South, were outlawed by the

passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

When the government prohibits speech or publication before the fact, this is called what?

prior restraint

Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade are similar Supreme Court cases in that both cases are based on the

right of privacy

The Constitution and its amendments expressly prohibit all of the following EXCEPT

sex discrimination in employment

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment

The Supreme Court's decision about abortion in Roe v. Wade was based on

the right to privacy implied in the Bill of Rights

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted

when it incites violent action