AP gov unit 3 questions part 2

Which constitutional amendments address King's concern that there should be racial justice?

14th Amendment

The Miranda rule stems from rights protected by which of the following amendments?

5th and 6th Amendments

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? A police officer inspects the contents of a computer hard drive without a warrant. A mayor refuses to allow an unpopular group to hold a political rally. A public school system uses race-based segregation. The federal government passes a law prohibiting assault rifles.

A public school system uses race-based segregation.

What was the effect of the opinion in Schenck v. United States?

As long as speech does not present a clear and present danger it is allowed.

Under what circumstances can police conduct searches?

As long as they have probable cause of criminal activity

Which of the following principles is meant to discourage government from conducting unlawful searches and to protect citizens when unlawful searches occur?

Exclusionary Rule

Which of the constitutional provisions is at issue in Schenck v. the United States?

First Amendment - free speech and free press rights

"Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained. Consciously or unconsciously, he has been caught up by the Zeitgeist, and with his black brothers of Africa and his brown and yellow brothers of Asia, South America and the Caribbean, the United States Negro is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land of racial justice. If one recognizes this vital urge that has engulfed the Negro community, one should readily understand why public demonstrations are taking place. The Negro has many pent up resentments and latent frustrations, and he must release them. So, let him march; let him make prayer pilgrimages to the city hall; let him go on freedom rides—and try to understand why he must do so. If his repressed emotions are not released in nonviolent ways, they will seek expression through violence; this is not a threat but a fact of history." --Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963) by Martin Luther King Jr. How would you summarize King's position?

If peaceful, nonviolent demonstrations do not work, violent actions will be an option.

Which statement is accurate regarding the law and government surveillance of persons in the United States? Police and FBI can listen to private phone conversations when they see fit. U.S. law enforcement first began to watch or surveil U.S persons after the September 11th attacks. The Constitution and Bill of Rights protect only U.S. citizens from arbitrary surveillance. Policies have changed over time as people debate the balance between security needs and individual liberties.

Policies have changed over time as people debate the balance between security needs and individual liberties.

What is the difference between substantive due process and procedural due process?

Substantive due process involves determining whether a law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections. Procedural due process is the method of government action or how the law is carried out.

How would you describe the Supreme Court's contemporary interpretation of the death penalty?

The Court has interpreted the execution of minors and the mentally handicapped as unconstitutional

What is the key difference between the due process clause in the Fifth Amendment and the due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Fifth Amendment protects citizens against criminal charges, while the Fourteenth Amendment protects citizens against civil lawsuits

How would you describe the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Fourteenth amendment's due process clause makes most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states.

Which of the following statements best describes how the balances of liberties and safety has been interpreted over time?

The balance has been interpreted consistently over time.

What must a suing party prove to win a libel lawsuit?

The offspring party acted maliciously and caused damages

The Bill of Rights guarantees which of the following rights to a person arrested and charged with a crime?

The right to legal representation

With the variety of religious denominations and religions represented at Chester A. Arthur High School, the administration has decided to bar students from wearing any religious symbols or garb that reflects a particular religious faith. Which of the following would be the best legal advice for school administrators?

This is an unsound policy based on the Constitution's free exercise clause unless the practice causes disruption

Those who disagree with the views in the majority opinion in Schenck v. United States would likely celebrate the shaping of the Constitution in which free-speech ruling?

Tinker v. Des Moines

What is selective incorporation doctrine?

a constitutional doctrine that ensures states cannot enact laws that take away the constitutional rights of American citizens that are enshrined in the Bill of Rights.

The term, civil liberties, refers to liberties that apply in civil cases but not in criminal cases. apply in civil cases but not in military ones. are constitutionally protected from infringement by government. are constitutionally protected from infringement by individuals.

are constitutionally protected from infringement by government.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases? Brown v. Board of Education Roe v. Wade a) Required all-black schools to have facilities and faculties of the same quality as all-white schools Brought vocal opposition to abortion and encouraged legislatures to reshape abortion policy b) Required students to be bused Made abortion legal in all states c) Concluded that "separate but equal" schools are impossible Assured a pregnant woman's right to have an abortion in the first trimester d) Upheld the separation of races in public accomodations Upheld states' police powers to regulate safety, health, and morals

c) Concluded that "separate but equal" schools are impossible Assured a pregnant woman's right to have an abortion in the first trimester

The focus of civil liberties is the ________, and the focus of civil rights is the ________.

individual, group

How are the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act similar?

one outlawed discrimination in hiring and the other increased African American voter registration and participation

It is now clear that the challenged laws burden the liberty of same-sex couples, and it must be further acknowledged that they abridge central precepts of equality. Here the marriage laws enforced by the respondents are in essence unequal: same-sex couples are denied all benefits afforded to opposite-sex couples and are barred from exercising a fundamental right. Especially against a long history of disapproval of their relationships, this denial to same-sex couples of the right to marry works a grave and continuing harm. The imposition of this disability on gays and lesbians serves to disrespect and subordinate them. --Justice Anthony Kennedy, Majority Opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Summarize Justice Kennedy's opinion.

same sex couples are unfairly harmed by states' denial of their legal marriage

De jure and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are less equal than others. What is an example of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination?

the Brown decision (de jure) and affirmative action (de facto)

Which constitutional provisions would the author cite to support the opinion?

the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

How would you describe the message in the political cartoon?

the supreme court refuses to consider the constitutionality of affirmative action policies

What is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?

the voting rights act of 1965

What is the most important limitation of the data in the graph?

there is no information about the total number of state legislators

How would you explain why the figure holding the scales of justice is blindfolded?

to show that justice should be colorblind