AP history Unit 6
A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
African accounts of converting to Christianity
Argentina's main railway lines were owned by British companies during this period.
Argentinian meat and raw materials for export to Great Britain and Europe
Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century?
Both were attracted by employment opportunities.
Brunias' painting was seen as a challenge to social conventions
Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry.
Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century?
China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.
Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?
Europe's development of new military technologies
Argentina's main railway lines were owned by British companies during this period.
European settlers choosing freely to emigrate from Europe
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes? Responses
European states' establishment of settler colonies
Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century? Responses
Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy
"Extraterritoriality" can best be described as which of the following?
Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live
What is similar to the graph of Japan
Germany
Map 2 of China
Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms
Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes?
Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies
The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following?
Influence of scientific theories on race
Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species?
It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.
The policy of requiring Koreans to adopt Japanese names was designed for
Its extreme nationalism
"The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have clashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have been played out." The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of Responses
Social darwinism
Similar to Japanese expansion
The British East India Company's takeover of other European states' colonial possessions in India
The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following?
The Enlightenment
research and technological innovations globally
The Green Revolution
What spiked the graph of Japan's economy
The Meiji reforms
Which of the following empires in the period 1450-1750 engaged in a type of territorial expansion most similar to that depicted in Map 1 ?
The Mughal Empire
During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ?
The United States
"Improvements in nutrition in Kenya must, as a matter of greatest importance, involve efforts to educate African women, to whom falls the care of the home and children. The African housewife is no less a creature of domestic habits and prejudices than her European counterpart, and her support has to be enlisted if progress is to be made in any of the activities surrounding nutrition. She plays a predominant part in such matters, being in most cases the cultivator as well as the cook."
The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples
In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following? Responses
The concept of the civilizing mission
European industrialization saw what in the asian islands
The desire to extract resources and raw materials
Rise of Slavery
The expansion of the plantation system for growing sugarcane and other crops
Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of the Hawaiian Islands from 1872 to 1878 ?
The increased presence of Asian indentured servants on Hawaiian plantations
Which of the following most likely accounts for the extent of the population changes for Argentina, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia in the period 1950-2000 ? Responses
The introduction of agricultural techniques associated with the Green Revolution
*French national holiday celebrating the 1789 French Revolution **French colonial territory in Polynesia, the South Pacific Is similar to
The scramble for Africa
The disputes over women's social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies?
The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights
How did slave trade reach its height
The triangular trade pattern of the Atlantic system
The man's wealth filled my mind with the idea that I, too, would like to go to the country of the wizards and gain some of their wealth. After a long time, my father gave me his blessing and my mother took leave of me with tears. My father gave me some money and I went with five other boys from our village to take a steamship from Hong Kong. The engines that moved the ship were wonderful monsters, strong enough to lift mountains. On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men
As described in the passage, Anna da Trindade's life differed from the typical experience of newly arrived slaves in colonial Latin America in that she was Responses
able to purchase her freedom
Source 2: "At present, our people get little or no benefit from being part of the Mission. All the money your government sets aside for Aboriginal Affairs is spent on White government and church officials, while the Natives do not get any value from it at all. Of course, the mission does a great lot of preaching and praying, but we old natives of the land could do with less of that and more food, clothes, and better dwellings. In fact, we are too poor to afford church clothes and too hungry to think much about praying." Native Australians from the Point McLeay Mission, open letter published in The Advertiser newspaper, Adelaide, southern Australia, 1907
argue that government corruption is harming Native Australians
In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by
competition among imperialist powers
In the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by
competition among imperialist powers
What had the most direct trend in the graph
establishment of plantation sugar production in the Caribbean and in Brazil
What does the graph represent
even though some countries moved to outlaw or limit the trans-Atlantic slave trade, demand for enslaved labor remained strong in places such as Brazil and Cuba
"It is not too much to hope that, with the building of a branch railway to this region, European piece goods might be imported so as to undersell the native cloth. And the effect would be that not only would a larger supply of the raw material be obtained—for the cotton that is now spun into yarn in Berar would be exported—but also the large local population now employed in spinning and weaving would be made available for agricultural labor, and thus the jungle land might be broken up." Harry Rivett-Carnac, British cotton commissioner for Berar province, India, annual report, 1869 On a global scale, the implementation of the types of policies that Rivett-Carnac advocated for in the passage is most significant in that it directly led to the
growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule
What led to slavery falling
ideas of inalienable natural rights
The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century
justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions
The author of Source 2 argues for
notions of women's inferiority were still widespread, even among advocates for greater women's rights
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage
omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India
Data adapted from David Wilkinson, "Cities, Civilizations and Oikumenes," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vols. 27 and 28: Nos. 27 and 28, 1992-1993
the Industrial Revolution
Native Australians from the Poonindie Mission, southern Australia, petition to the Australian government, 1894 Native Australians from the Point McLeay Mission, open letter published in The Advertiser newspaper, Adelaide, southern Australia, 1907
used political activism to draw attention to their social and economic plight
Letter from the British governor of the West African colony of Gambia to the British Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 1936 Letter from a Kenyan medical officer to the British Committee on Nutrition in the Colonial Empire, 1937
Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.
The trade patterns shown on the map above depict
British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century
Asian islands declaring independence
Cold War proxy conflicts
*French national holiday celebrating the 1789 French Revolution **French colonial territory in Polynesia, the South Pacific
Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.
The perspective of the author in the first paragraph can best be understood in the context of which of the following nineteenth-century developments?
Competition among European states for global power and influence
Both maps show areas such as New Guinea separated not by geographic boundaries but by colonial holdings.
Conquest by and competition between colonial empires
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments? Responses
European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following?
European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following? Responses
European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900
European states' establishment of settler colonies
The commodities listed by Stanley in the second paragraph can best be understood in the context of
Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production
The author's statement that descendants of Italian emigrants "ended up forgetting the language of their fathers and forefathers" most directly refers to which of the following aspects of nineteenth-century migration?
Immigrants often adopted the dominant culture of the state in receiving societies.
Japan expanded due to
Industrialized states acquired new territories as sources of raw materials and markets for goods.
Industrial growth and the expansion of heavy industry's share in that growth was sustained by Japanese
Japan engaged in imperial expansion to acquire access to raw materials.
Dutch hold over Indonesia collapsed.
Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia during the Second World War
In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the
Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing
Economic and industrial complex in the asian islands
Joint-stock trading companies
stemming from a combination of economic opportunity in Latin America and demographic pressure and political turmoil in Europe
Large increases in immigration from Europe
The letter's reference in the third paragraph to the claims of "our doctors and scientists" is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes?
Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans.
A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century?
Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule.
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?
Social Darwinism
"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?
Social Darwinism
Source 1: "We, the native inhabitants of this Mission, have been living on this land for a number of years. We are very sorry to hear that the Anglican Church authorities have decided to close the Mission and sell its land. If this place is taken from us, then we would have nowhere to go. We ask the government to give us about 3,000 acres of Mission land, on the south side of the Tod River. We propose to live there and cultivate the land by working jointly among ourselves. We think that the products of this land and whatever supplementary income we can obtain by shearing sheep or fishing will be enough to support ourselves and our families without being a burden on society and the government." Native Australians from the Poonindie Mission, southern Australia, petition to the Australian government, 1894 Which country had similar European colonization
South Africa
Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments?
The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation
Source 1: "We, the native inhabitants of this Mission, have been living on this land for a number of years. We are very sorry to hear that the Anglican Church authorities have decided to close the Mission and sell its land. If this place is taken from us, then we would have nowhere to go. We ask the government to give us about 3,000 acres of Mission land, on the south side of the Tod River. We propose to live there and cultivate the land by working jointly among ourselves. We think that the products of this land and whatever supplementary income we can obtain by shearing sheep or fishing will be enough to support ourselves and our families without being a burden on society and the government." Native Australians from the Poonindie Mission, southern Australia, petition to the Australian government, 1894
The growth of Australia's White settler population as a result of migration from Europe
"It is not too much to hope that, with the building of a branch railway to this region, European piece goods might be imported so as to undersell the native cloth. And the effect would be that not only would a larger supply of the raw material be obtained—for the cotton that is now spun into yarn in Berar would be exported—but also the large local population now employed in spinning and weaving would be made available for agricultural labor, and thus the jungle land might be broken up." Harry Rivett-Carnac, British cotton commissioner for Berar province, India, annual report, 1869 A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following? Responses
The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies
Rise of Asian economy in the late twentieth century
The shift of manufacturing to East and Southeast Asia
The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below. The painting can best be used as evidence for which of the following world historical trends that took place during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?
The sponsorship of art by new elites
Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author's view in the third paragraph about the status of women in "modern civilization" ? Responses
The urban middle class
The name choice taken by the author of the passage represented
The use of nonviolent resistance methods against governments that demand cultural assimilation
Argentina's main railway lines were owned by British companies during this period.
They contributed to economic activity by connecting interior regions to the coast.onomic imperialism
The image above, from seventeenth-century Ethiopia, shows the Virgin Mary and Christ Child with the merchant who commissioned the painting lying below.
They provided Ethiopians with an additional rationale for resisting European encroachment.
Which of the following best describes the artist's likely purpose in painting this particular subject?
To argue for the respectability of free people of color
*French national holiday celebrating the 1789 French Revolution **French colonial territory in Polynesia, the South Pacific Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph? Responses
To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations
Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to
place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable
Martini's argument in the second paragraph most clearly refers to the late-nineteenth-century belief that imperialism was a useful way to Responses
relieve overcrowding and land shortages in European countries
Bholanath Chakravarti, Bengali religious scholar, lecture at a meeting of a Hindu reformist society, Kolkata, India, 1876 The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why
social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule
"It is not too much to hope that, with the building of a branch railway to this region, European piece goods might be imported so as to undersell the native cloth. And the effect would be that not only would a larger supply of the raw material be obtained—for the cotton that is now spun into yarn in Berar would be exported—but also the large local population now employed in spinning and weaving would be made available for agricultural labor, and thus the jungle land might be broken up." Harry Rivett-Carnac, British cotton commissioner for Berar province, India, annual report, 1869 Rivett-Carnac's point of view is directly relevant in understanding all of the following features of the report EXCEPT
the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle
Italian and German imperial presence in Africa were similar in that both countries
were newly unified nations that began colonizing later than other European powers