AP HUG: Chapter 3+4 Quiz Questions

Judge which of the following is an historical example of a cultural push factor. A. Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated as prisoners after being sentenced to "transportation" in the United Kingdom and Ireland. B. The United States actively sought Mexican agricultural laborers during and after World War II. C. Many European farmers in the late 1800s chose to migrate to North America, as well as to Latin American countries where they felt that political and economic conditions would favor them. D. Changing climates likely encouraged the early migrations of hunter-gatherers. E. The British government allowed most of the population of Montserrat to migrate elsewhere in the 1990s after volcanic eruptions devastated large parts of the island.

A. Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated as prisoners after being sentenced to "transportation" in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low? A. Utah B. New York C. Kentucky D. California E. Nevada

A. Utah

The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of one element of A. folk culture. B. habit. C. popular culture. D. taboo. E. technological innovation.

A. folk culture.

Suburbanization of more developed countries is due to A. expanding urban territory. B. increasing employment opportunities. C. desire to change lifestyle. D. regional development. E. global investment.

C. desire to change lifestyle.

According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2010, the largest number of refugees were forced to migrate from ________, which have seen a great deal of armed conflict in recent years. A. Sudan, South Africa, and Colombia B. Mexico and Colombia C. Vietnam and Indonesia D. Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and Somalia E. Afghanistan and Iraq

E. Afghanistan and Iraq

A taboo against pork is a characteristic of A. Islam and Hinduism. B. Christianity and Buddhism. C. Christianity and Hinduism. D. Judaism and Buddhism. E. Judaism and Islam.

E. Judaism and Islam.

Among the difficulties faced by the Soviet Union's program to attract migrants to its industrial zones was the following: A. Migrants didn't move often because of high population growth. B. The premier of the Soviet Union was criticized for engaging in fraudulent electoral practices, and the resulting lack of trust in the political system has kept workers from migrating. C. Russian speakers were willing to migrate, but speakers of other languages were not. D. The program provided no economic incentives. E. Many heavy industries were located in remote northern areas, which experienced harsh winters.

E. Many heavy industries were located in remote northern areas, which experienced harsh winters.

The largest number of legal, documented immigrants to the United States come from what country? A. South Korea B. the Philippines C. Cuba D. Dominican Republic E. Mexico

E. Mexico

Among the cultural influences that shape the distinctive form of folk houses, which is NOT an example? A. Malagasy houses (Madagascar) are built with the main door facing west. B. Fiji eastern walls are considered sacred. C. Java house front doors face south. D. Laotians arrange their sleeping positions to ensure head positions are not opposite feet. E. Windows may face south in temperate climates to capitalize on the sun's heat and light.

E. Windows may face south in temperate climates to capitalize on the sun's heat and light.

A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration it is an example of A. a cultural pull factor. B. an environmental incentive. C. an environmental push factor. D. a forced migration. E. an intervening obstacle.

E. an intervening obstacle.

An analysis of data on refugees suggests that A. neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas. B. neighboring countries almost never accept refugees from war-torn areas. C. there are seldom more than 100,000 refugees at any one time. D. most of the world's refugees end up in the United States or the United Kingdom. E. the United States generally accepts fewer refugees than any other country.

A. neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas.

The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth century is an example of A. popular culture. B. taboo. C. habit. D. folk culture. E. relocation diffusion.

A. popular culture.

Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels A. promote a uniform landscape. B. reflect the preservation of folk culture. C. provide diversity on the U.S. landscape. D. promote diffusion of folk culture. E. show high regional variation.

A. promote a uniform landscape.

If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, barring any other evidence, you might strongly suspect that they originated in A. Italy or Poland. B. Ireland or Germany. C. Spain or Portugal. D. Norway or England. E. Russia or Bulgaria.

B. Ireland or Germany.

The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at ________ of the demographic transition A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. Stage 5

B. Stage 2

Which of the following people would you deduce is most likely to engage in rural to urban migration in the near future? A. A young married woman in central Detroit who are worried about safety and the quality of schools in her neighborhood. B. The unmarried daughter of a large family in China whose main source of income is herding animals. C. The unmarried daughter of a large family in China who have all recently moved to Shanghai. D. A marketing director for a large corporation who is being asked to move from one metropolitan area to another. E. The eldest son of a large family in China who is the only member of the household with knowledge about planting and herding animals.

B. The unmarried daughter of a large family in China whose main source of income is herding animals.

Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk culture because A. they do not want to preserve traditional values. B. Western perspectives may become more dominant. C. popular culture devalues women. D. they want to avoid political disputes. E. Western clothing styles are less comfortable.

B. Western perspectives may become more dominant.

Given the textbook's description of Asian migration to the United States, we might conclude that most Asians today are migrating to the U.S. through the process of A. global circulation. B. chain migration. C. undocumented immigration. D. brain drain. E. expansion diffusion.

B. chain migration.

We can deduce from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture A. is an example of relocation diffusion. B. depends on modern communication systems. C. discourages people in different places to adopt different customs. D. conserves natural resources. E. always occurs at the expense of folk culture.

B. depends on modern communication systems.

The trend of globalization has threatened A. the spread of the international banking system. B. folk culture more than popular culture. C. the folk customs of only a few isolated communities. D. folk culture, but only in the largest cities on each continent. E. popular culture and folk culture relatively equally.

B. folk culture more than popular culture.

Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted A. long migration distances are more likely than short. B. migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition. C. women are more likely to migrate than men. D. migrants move most frequently for economic reasons. E. Intraregional migration is more important than interregional migration in terms of political and economic resources.

B. migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by A. making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive. B. moving the capital to Brasilia. C. industrial development on the Atlantic coast. D. clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior. E. dictating optimal locations for factories.

B. moving the capital to Brasilia.

When we analyze the patterns of popular culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that A. popular culture diffuses through relocation diffusion. B. nodes of innovation are central to the process of hierarchical diffusion. C. all culture is transmitted from one location to another through small scale and local migration. D. it is impossible for us to make scientific observations about the diffusion of popular culture. E. unlike folk culture, popular culture is usually transmitted orally across time and location.

B. nodes of innovation are central to the process of hierarchical diffusion.

Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which parts of Europe? A. south and east B. north and west C. central D. east and west E. north and east

B. north and west

Judging from the chapter's discussions of the types of migration from various parts of the world to the United States, one might assume that the largest numbers of recent immigrants to the United States are A. political refugees. B. relatives of U.S. residents. C. unauthorized immigrants. D. talented professionals. E. guest workers.

B. relatives of U.S. residents.

Folk cultures are spread primarily by A. hierarchical diffusion. B. relocation diffusion. C. contagious diffusion. D. epidemic diffusion. E. stimulus diffusion.

B. relocation diffusion.

The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the A. center. B. west. C. south. D. north. E. east.

B. west.

A young man in Vietnam wishes to migrate to another country to help support his family. Judging by current trends, he would most likely migrate to A. the United States. B. Europe. C. China. D. Australia. E. the Philippines.

C. China.

Which of the following characteristics is more typical of popular culture than folk culture? A. It has an anonymous origin. B. It diffuses slowly from its point of origin. C. It results in a more uniform cultural landscape. D. It is likely to be derived from physical conditions. E. Communication is more limited.

C. It results in a more uniform cultural landscape.

A principal pull factor in California in the 1840s was A. a war with Mexico. B. a "nitrate rush." C. a "gold rush. D. a "dust bowl." E. the Great Plains.

C. a "gold rush.

Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. We might categorize this as an example of A. forced migration changing to voluntary migration. B. net migration changing to gross migration. C. a push factor changing to a pull factor. D. an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor. E. a pull factor changing to a push factor.

C. a push factor changing to a pull factor.

Some of the highest rates of migration today for Filipinos are to A. Eastern Europe. B. Russia. C. countries in southwestern Asia. D. Mexico and Latin America. E. Canada.

C. countries in southwestern Asia.

Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor? A. economic B. environmental C. cultural D. circulation E. All of these answer choices are correct.

C. cultural

U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of A. indirectly causing two world wars. B. increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited. C. ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe. D. dramatically increasing immigration from around the world. E. virtually ending immigration.

C. ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe.

Typically, popular culture A. reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment. B. originates in a number of locations at the same time. C. experiences frequent changes through time and space. D. is practiced by small heterogeneous groups that become large homogeneous groups. E. is practiced by small homogeneous groups.

C. experiences frequent changes through time and space.

As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from A. global communications, such as television and the Internet. B. a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular social group. C. familiar events in daily life. D. the application of industrial technology. E. the "discovery" of leisure time.

C. familiar events in daily life.

As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to A. bear more children. B. obtain food for the family. C. gain more opportunities outside the home. D. reduce the practice of prostitution. E. be subservient to men.

C. gain more opportunities outside the home.

A repetitive act performed by an individual is a A. taboo. B. popular culture. C. habit. D. custom. E. character trait.

C. habit.

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and A. groups living in isolated rural areas. B. homogeneous groups. C. heterogeneous groups. D. groups of specialists. E. groups that have little interaction with other groups.

C. heterogeneous groups.

Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of A. economic depression in the United States. B. declining demand for industrial workers. C. imposition of quota laws. D. forced migration after World War I. E. declining demand for domestic workers.

C. imposition of quota laws.

In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in A. less developed countries. B. formerly communist countries. C. more developed countries. D. countries with large rural populations. E. Latin America and Africa.

C. more developed countries.

Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor? A. failed harvest B. flooding of a river C. opening of a new factory D. revolutionary takeover of a government E. civil war

C. opening of a new factory

Little wine is produced in SW Asia and North Africa primarily because A. the people do not have a tradition of wine making. B. wines can be imported more cheaply. C. religious taboos discourage consumption. D. grapes do not grow in these regions. E. soil contaminants produce bad grapes.

C. religious taboos discourage consumption.

Most European guest workers come from which parts of Europe? A. north and central B. south and west C. south and east D. central and west E. north and west

C. south and east

Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States? A. metropolitan to non-metropolitan B. net emigration from the northeast C. urban to suburban D. all of these E. rural to urban

C. urban to suburban

Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the United States? A. Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors. B. Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish. C. Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the United States. D. Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors. E. Both were and are motivated by famine in their home countries.

D. Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors.

Which one of the following would you judge to be the best example of circulation? A. Going to a grocery store to buy supplies for your friend's sixteenth birthday party. B. Visiting a famous national park for the first time in your life. C. Taking your car to the mechanic because its transmission stopped functioning after six years of use. D. Going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies. E. Visiting a university in a distant state in order to determine whether it best suits your needs as a prospective college stude

D. Going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies.

China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because A. rice is the main cereal grain grown in China. B. China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs. C. China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia. D. Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption. E. southwestern Asia does not have enough water for pig farming.

D. Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.

Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while early settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that building materials A. are a uniform feature of folk culture. B. are commonly imported over long distances because of local folk culture. C. are chosen because of the diffusion of popular culture. D. are strongly influenced by local resources. E. are elements of popular culture.

D. are strongly influenced by local resources.

The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of A. discoveries of gold in California and Alaska in the 1800s. B. the great reputation of schools and hospitals in the United States. C. decreased economic opportunities at the same time that European countries experienced rapid population growth. D. decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions. E. religious freedom in the United States, as European countries forbade their citizens to attend most kinds of religious services.

D. decreased economic opportunities at the same time that European countries experienced rapid population growth.

Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact environmental quality in two ways: A. using renewable materials and recycled designs. B. reducing demand for foreign products and promoting local crafts. C. increased diversity and decreased demand. D. depletion of scarce resources and pollution. E. diversity of products and depletion of change.

D. depletion of scarce resources and pollution.

Diffusion of Internet service is following the earlier pattern of television, except that A. diffusion is much slower. B. the initial use was in less developed countries. C. the United States' share of world use is expanding. D. diffusion is much faster. E. the expansion of service is faster in Africa than Asia.

D. diffusion is much faster.

You might propose a(n) ________ program for your country if you wanted to hire a large number of manual laborers from neighboring countries to build a large dam or canal, with the understanding that they would not be granted any other privileges or legal status in your country, after the project is finished. A. unauthorized worker B. engineering obstacle C. chain migration D. guest worker E. unauthorized hiring

D. guest worker

The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as A. the folk custom least closely tied to a particular climate. B. more subject to modification than weapons. C. the weakest available example of a folk custom. D. less subject to modification than clothing and weapons. E. a limited resource that would not keep up with population growth.

D. less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.

The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by A. level of income but not occupation. B. knowledge of fashion elsewhere, as well as the level of folk culture. C. occupation but not level of income. D. occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere. E. fashion only.

D. occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere.

From the discussions of demographic changes within the United States we can deduce that the largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the A. unauthorized immigration from Latin America, especially in the 1900s. B. immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century, despite the Chinese Exclusion Acts. C. arrival of Europeans and their wars with Native Americans beginning in the 1600s. D. opening up of the western territories to settlement. E. industrial development in the northeast, particularly at the outset of the Industrial Revolution.

D. opening up of the western territories to settlement.

Judge which of the following is the strongest example of a state government attempting to limit migration. A. allowing politicians to make anti-immigrant statements to the news media B. requiring immigrants to pay higher college tuition C. requiring police to ask for citizenship documents after they have arrested someone D. requiring police to stop cars that are driven by people who may be immigrants E. allowing thousands of people to march either to support or oppose reforms to immigration legislation

D. requiring police to stop cars that are driven by people who may be immigrants

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is A. region to region. B. urban to rural. C. city to city. D. rural to urban. E. north to south.

D. rural to urban.

Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe? A. south and west B. north and west C. central D. south and east E. north and east

D. south and east

From the discussions of migration in northern and southern Mexico, we can deduce that the destination for most undocumented immigrants entering Mexico from Guatemala is A. work on fruit plantations. B. work in Pacific coast resorts. C. Mexico City. D. the U.S. border. E. work in factories in northern Mexico.

D. the U.S. border.

Americans' preferences for beverages and snacks A. do not vary from one region of the country to another. B. do not vary according to religious differences. C. are primarily dependent on income differences. D. vary according to what is produced locally. E. All of these answers are correct.

D. vary according to what is produced locally.

The distribution of the subjects of art in the Himalayas shows how folk cultures A. avoid painting animate objects. B. typically paint scenes of nature but not people. C. always include paintings of religious subjects. D. abandon customary forms as they engage in migration. E. are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion.

E. are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion.

An example of ________ is the migration of doctors and engineers to the United States after they have received years of government-financed schooling and training in Colombia. A. cohort migration B. net migration C. chain migration D. chain drain E. brain drain

E. brain drain

Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because A. they were attracted by the separation of church and state (freedom of religion) in the United States. B. poor environmental conditions, including volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, induced them to migrate. C. the British military forced them to become refugees. D. Spanish invasions threatened their homes. E. disastrous economic conditions, exacerbated by British government policies, pushed them out of the country. ( Your Answer )

E. disastrous economic conditions, exacerbated by British government policies, pushed them out of the country.

Given recent trends in communications, in the next five years the number of television programs viewed over the Internet might be expected to A. decrease slowly as the number of broadcast television stations increases. B. decrease slowly as cable and satellite television services offer more channels. C. remain about the same. D. decrease dramatically. E. increase dramatically.

E. increase dramatically.

Mexico's immigration policy A. attempts to prevent any money from leaving the country. B. welcomes migrants from other countries. C. is opposed to Mexicans migrating to the U.S. because they otherwise would contribute to the economy at home. D. is flexible for most countries of origin but does not generally allow immigration from the United States. E. is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the U.S. but opposes migration from its south.

E. is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the U.S. but opposes migration from its south.

Counterurbanization is A. moving from an urban core to suburban areas. B. due to expanding suburbs. C. the trend of the elderly retiring to communities in southern states such as Arizona or Florida. D. the decline of the inner-city infrastructure. E. migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs.

E. migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs.

According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were A. automatically transformed into U.S. citizens in a blanket "amnesty." B. encouraged to remain in Mexico because of shortages of workers. C. established as guest workers following the German model. D. no longer eligible for public services in the United States. E. permitted to become legal residents by participating in an application process.

E. permitted to become legal residents by participating in an application process.

Marriage dowries in India reflect A. that most families value female children more. B. the value of women as mothers and wives. C. a popular fad. D. a traditional folk custom. E. that some families value male children more.

E. that some families value male children more.

Terroir refers to A. a group's food taboos. B. the relationship between the physical environment and culture. C. an act of violence that may have been, in part, a reaction against globalization. D. a group's sense of place. E. the sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item.

E. the sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item.