AP HUG Unit 5
Modern agribusiness is not typically associated with
subsistence agriculture
More developed countries tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?
Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency.
Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown?
Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.
A country with a high percentage of people engaged in agriculture is likely to be in which stage of the DTM?
Stage 2
Grain raised in the US is used today primarily for
animal feed
Which is not a form of commercial agriculture?
pastoral nomadism
Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange?
Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.
Which of the Agricultural Revolutions did not include increased usage of complex machines?
Second Agricultural Revolution
Which of the following is a negative consequence of the Green Revolution?
over-irrigation, cost of technology, increased chemical use
It is estimated that _____ of the world's population is seriously malnourished.
1/6
Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America?
Banana plants were brought to Central America from Southeast Asia to be grown closer to markets in the United States and Canada.
Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits?
Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product.
The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?
Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources
Why does the UN feel that agriculture must change? What negative consequences does agriculture lead to? What solutions did the article suggest?
The UN feels that agriculture must change because of the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions that are being released into the atmosphere are rapidly increasing as a direct result of agriculture, deforestation, and other land use. Methane is trapping all the heat in the atmosphere creating climate change. Since more methane is being produced, more heat is being trapped in the atmosphere causing temperatures to rise. Negative consequences that agriculture have lead to include climate change which could potentially create serious food shortages. With increasing greenhouse gas emissions, food security and terrestrial ecosystems have been impacted adversely. Climate change has indirectly contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions. However, the article came up with some solutions to the issues that are currently being faced in agriculture. If there is less food being produced, there are fewer reports of food waste for as much as 10% of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. Basically, the less food that is being produced, the less waste there will be which will partially help the excess emission issue that we are facing now.
Agriculture is practiced at the local scale, and agricultural yields are measured at the national scale. Which of the following best explains why the concept of the global system of agriculture is helpful to geographers?
The concept helps geographers simplify and visualize a vast and complicated global supply chain.
Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern that results from irrigation in arid regions?
The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.
All of the following are true of truck farming except
Truck farmers' harvest are usually intended for distant markets
In 2017, the United States exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States. Which of the following best explains this international supply chain?
United States and Mexican producers rely on each other's market to sell certain beef products.
Which of the following best explains patterns of subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire?
While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.
The Second Agricultural Revolution developed at the same time as
growing urban markets were demanding increased food production
Central Mexico was a hearth for
maize
The focus of the Green Revolution was
reducing starvation in less-developed countries
Typically, swidden (slash and burn) agriculture leads to
shifting cultivation
What type of agriculture uses the largest percentage of the world's land area?
shifting cultivation
Von Thunen emphasized which of the following factors in his model of agricultural land use?
transportation cost
Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries?
Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.
Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards?
Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.
Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries?
Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries.
A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States?
Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons
Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?
Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.
Wheat was probably first domesticated in
Southwest Asia
Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication?
Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds.
Where in the US can you find the largest number of concentrated feedlots?
the Midwest
Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures?
Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of grass pastures, increasing profits for the farmer.
All of the following crops were a part of the Columbian Exchange except
corn in Mexico
Farming that requires lots of labor and/or capital investment is
intensive agriculture
Slash-and-burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?
Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.
After learning about environmental consequences of agribusiness, you are fed up. You decide to start your own organic farm. Where is the US would you make the most money?
California
Who would agree the most with the following statement: agriculture caused an unequal balance of wealth that is still in effect today?
Diamond
Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?
Farmers in Europe and the United States use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.
Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?
Irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.
Jared Diamond argues "food production was indirectly a prerequisite for the development of guns, germs, and steel." Explain how plant and animal domestication led to the success of the likes of Cortes and Pizarro.
Plant and animal domestication led to the success of the likes of Cortes and Pizarro because it resulted in an increase in crop production (food supply). The food supply increased because crop yields were greatly increased because of the manue that was applied as fertilizer. Larger crop production yields increases the amount of food that is safe to consume. The numbers of crop production increased by large amounts after animals started to become domesticated. Since there were less animals wandering around eating the crops, more crops were produced. This allowed for more people to have access to food which led to the population increasing. In a larger population, the military has the advantage to be stronger which provides an advantage to Cortes and Pizarro. The surplus of food that was stored was used to feed soldiers that were conquering civilizations. Having more food readily accessible allowed for civilizations to live more sedentary lifestyles. Families were having more children because they could be supported and fed. With this higher birth rate, there were more bodies to hold the profession of a hunter-gatherer. Which, in turn, led to even more amounts of accessible and edible foods that can be consumed.
