AP Human Geography - Unit 2 TEST STUDY GUIDE

The most common environmental push factor is too much or too little water. True False

True

The most important type of internal migration within the United States is from urban to suburban. True False

True

The three major kinds of push factors are political, economic, and environmental. True False

True

Of the following four countries, the highest natural increase rate is found in

Uganda

A majority of undocumented migrants to the United States come from a. Mexico. b. Canada. c. China. d. Africa. e. Europe

a. Mexico.

Which factor most often causes migration? a. economic b. international c. political d. regional conflicts e. environmental

a. economic

Migration is a..... a. permanent move to a new location b. form of expansion diffusion. c. temporary move, but for longer than one day. d. form of contagious diffusion. e. All of these choices are correct.

a. permanent move to a new location

Unrestricted immigration to the United States was first limited by a. the Quota Act of 1921. b. the National Origins Act of 1924. c. the Constitution. d. hemispheric quotas in 1975. e. the start of World War II.

a. the Quota Act of 1921

The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the a. west. b. center. c. north. d. east. e. south.

a. west.

In comparing Malthus's theory to actual world food production and population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is that

actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately ten thousand years ago because of the

agricultural revolution

Land suited for agriculture is called

arable land

Name 2 countries which sent 75% of all immigrants to the USA during the 1840's.

1. Ireland 2. Germany

Name 3 types of migration push and pull factors:

1. Political 2. Economic 3. Environmental

Guest Worker

A worker who migrated to the developed countries Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or Northern Africa in search of higher paying jobs.

Life expectancy is lowest in

Africa

Mobility

All types of movement between location.

Intervening Obstacles

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape hindering migration.

Refugees

People forced to migrate from their home country and can't return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a certain social group, or political opinion.

Undocumented Immigrants

People who enter a country without proper documents.

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a country.

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Forced Migration

Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors.

Briefly describe the distinguishing characteristics of urbanization.

Relocation of rural people to urban areas creating an increase in the number and percentage of urban dwellers.

Migration to the USA declined in the 1920's as a result of new laws. What did these laws do?

Set quotas

Circulation

Short-term repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

After 1900, from which part of Europe did 90% of the immigration to the US come?

Southeast

The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

Stage 1

Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition?

Stage 2

The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

Stage 2

A crude birth rate of approximately 10 per 1,000 is typical of a country in which stage of the demographic transition?

Stage 4

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of the demographic transition is this country?

Stage 4

The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

Stage 4

The world's population is clustered in five regions. Which of the following is not one of these five regions?

Sub-Saharan Africa

True or False: Historically, the center of population in the USA has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south.

TRUE

True or False: Migration is more likely to be from rural to urban areas within less developed countries but from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

TRUE

True or False: Most illegal immigrants in the USA are young Mexican me.

TRUE

True or False: Most migration occurs because of combination of push and pull factors.

TRUE

True or False: Only a small percentage of Africans shipped as slaves to the Western Hemisphere ended up in the USA.

TRUE

True or False: People who migrate to another country are more likely to be better educated than average.

TRUE

True or False: The 3 major kinds of push factors are political, economic, and environmental.

TRUE

True or False: The difference between the number of people migrating to a place and the number leaving is called net migration

TRUE

True or False: The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water.

TRUE

True or False: The most important type of internal migration within the USA is from urban to suburban.

TRUE

True or False: The largest number of "guest workers" in Europe come from southern Europe and northern Africa.

TRUE

Floodplain

The area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends.

For every 1,000 babies born in Mozambique this year, nearly 150 of them will die before they reach their first birthday. The rate of 150 deaths per 1,000 births is known as the

infant mortality rate

More developed countries moved from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of the demographic transition 200 years ago in part because of

invention of new technology

Among world countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates.

less

A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a

low agricultural density

The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's

low status of women

Medical Revolution

medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density. From this we can conclude that the two countries have the same

number of people per area of land

Physiological density is the number of

persons per area suitable for agriculture

Human beings avoid all but which of these regions?

warm lands

Pull Factor

A factor that induces people to move to a new location.

Migration

A form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location.

Pandemic

A global outbreak of an infectious disease

The center of U.S. population has moved westward for the last 200 years. True False

True

TRUE OR FALSE China has the highest rate of population growth in the world.

true

TRUE OR FALSE The country and stage 2 of the demographic transition is likely to have a higher crude birth and crude death rate than a country and stage 4.

true

TRUE OR FALSE a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition is likely to have a population pyramid with a narrower base than a Country In stage 2.

true

TRUE OR FALSE according to Malthus, population increases rapidly, well food supply increases more slowly.

true

TRUE OR FALSE country in which live partly in a fertile valley and partly in a vast desert contains 10 million people living on 10000 square kilometers of land. the population density of country is 1000 persons per square kilometer

true

TRUE OR FALSE increasing the education of women is generally associated with declining birth rates.

true

TRUE OR FALSE more people are alive now than at any time in the past.

true

TRUE OR FALSE more than half of the people in the world live in Asia.

true

TRUE OR FALSE the highest crude birth rates are found in the less developed countries of Africa,, Asia and Latin America.

true

TRUE OR FALSE the physiological density of Egypt is approximately 2600 persons per square kilometer, well the arithmetic density is approximately 80. this means that most of the country's land is unsuitable for intensive agriculture.

true

The annual natural increase rate is currently approximately

1.25 percent

Push Factor

A factor that induces people to move from old residences.

Migration Transition

A change in migration pattern(s) in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic change that also produce the demographic transition.

Epidemiology

Branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

The most populous country in the world is

China

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country Y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?

Country X

Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors. True False

True

England's population pyramid would most likely resemble that of

Denmark

Of the following four countries, the lowest crude birth rate is found in

Denmark

The country with the narrowest population pyramid is

Denmark

Epidemiologic Transition

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

The world's largest concentration of people is located in

East Asia

Which of the 3 migration factors has been the most important pull factor for immigration to the USA?

Economic

Several million people have migrated to the USA illegally in recent years. Why have most of these people come to the US?

Economic advancement

True or False: In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the USA.

FALSE

True or False: Most Asian immigrants in the USA are single young men trying to find work.

FALSE

True or False: Positives toward immigrants in the USA are seen in new laws affording immigrants opportunities.

FALSE

True or False: The major reason for illegal immigrants to the USA is to escape political persecution.

FALSE

True or False: There is little distinguishable difference between economic migrants and refugees, except in the way they are granted admittance to a new country.

FALSE

A fence guards the entire U.S.-Mexico border. True False

False

Immigration and emigration have the same meaning, only different spellings. True False

False

In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the United States. True False

False

Interregional migration in the U.S. has increased in the early twenty-first century. True False

False

Quotas

In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is

Indonesia

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately two hundred years ago because of the

Industrial Revolution

Describe suburbanization in more developed countries.

Large scale migration to the suburbs because of pull by suburban lifestyle.

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration of talented people.

Relatively few people live at high elevations, but there are significant exceptions, especially in

Latin America

During the 1980's, which country provided the largest number of ILLEGAL immigrants to the USA?

Mexico

During the 1980's, which country provided the largest number of LEGAL immigrants to the USA?

Mexico

Emigration

Migration from a location.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Immigration

Migration to a new location.

Counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Net Migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Most people live in cities in which of these regions?

Western Europe

Land suitable for agriculture is called a. arable land. b.physiological land. c. arid land. d. population density. e. agricultural density

a

The two most populous countries in the world are a.China and India. b. the United States and China. c. Indonesia and China. d. India and Bangladesh. e. Russia and the United States.

a

analyzing the maps of fertility and mortality in this chapter, we see more countries with high birth rates and high rates of infant mortality in a. Africa south of the Sahara. b. North America. c. Southeast Asia. d. East Asia excluding Japan. e. South Asia excluding Bangladesh.

a

country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, well country has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. which country has the bigger natural increase rate. a. country A b.country B c.the NIR is the same in both locations d. the rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed for this information e. the CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so I cannot help determine the NIR

a

he countries depicted as smaller, for more limited in size, on the population cartogram have a. lower populations. b. lower populations and less land area. c. lower levels of wealth and higher populations. d. higher levels of wealth and higher populations. e. lower technological proficiency in cartography and geospatial reasoning.

a

the total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the a. crude birth rate b. natural increase rate c. total fertility rate d. life data rate e. new birth rate

a

when the world's population reached about six billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years is known as a.doubling time. b.double increased rate. c. doubling life expectancy. d. double overpopulation. e. double demographic transition.

a

Population Pyramid

a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

Census

a complete enumeration (count) of a population

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Industrial Revolution

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

If the physiological density is much larger than the arithmetic density, then a country has

a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture

As the GDP per capita increases the natural increase rate generally _______. a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same

b

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. in what stage of the demographic transition is this country? a, stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. stage 4 e. stage 5

b

If a European country's population pyramid would drastically change shape if it began to resemble a. the age- sex diagram of Australia. b. the population pyramid Of Nigeria. c. the age sex diagram of the United States. d. the population pyramid of Japan e. the population pyramid of Canada

b

India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density although their landscapes and sizes are quite different. from this we can conclude that the two countries have roughly the same a. pressure place by people on the land to produce food. b. number of people per area of land. c. number of people area of arable land. d. level of output per farmer. e. number of farmers per area of land

b

Leading approaches to reducing birth rates emphasize the long- term benefits of a. teaching people to become more active consumers. b. improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's education attainment. c. improving man's education attainment in conjunction with small loans to buy this is owned by men in small communities. d. information About sexually transmitted diseases. e. school programs ignore contraceptive techniques in teach "abstinence only".

b

The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been a. malaria. b.AIDS. c. avian flu. d. cholera. e. SARS.

b

We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its agricultural density if it a. Increased the area of its urban centers. b. decreased the amount of agricultural land. c. decrease the number of farmers. d. decrease the number of farm animals. e. increase the size of its population.

b

has the GDP per capita increases their crude birth rate generally_____. a. increases b. decreases c. stays the same

b

rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition? a.Stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. stage 4 e. stage 5

b

the ______ That reached Europe from Central Asia in the 1300s, was spread by fleas infecting rats. Which were carried from port to port on most ships. a. Rat plague b. Black Plague or bubonic plague c. black blight or bubonic flu d. flea plague or bubonic pestilence e. bubonic flea plague

b

the earth area of permanent human settlement is called a. geophenom b.ecumene c. civilized world d.hot zone e. subpolar region

b

What source region dominated migration to the United States in the second part of the twentieth century? a. Africa b. Asia and Latin America together c. Asia d. Latin America e. Europe

b. Asia and Latin America together

Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor? a. civil war b. opening of a new factory c. religious persecution d. flooding of a river e. failed harvest

b. opening of a new factory

Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of a. declining demand for domestic workers. b. the imposition of quota laws. c. declining demand for industrial workers. d. economic depression in the United States. e. forced migration after World War I

b. the imposition of quota laws.

Brain drain is a. a net decline in literacy. b. the large-scale emigration of talented people. c. the process by which people are given reference for migration. d. a cultural feature that hinders migration. e. people forced to migrate for political reasons.

b. the large-scale emigration of talented people.

Which of the following is not presently one of the three largest migration flows in the world? a. to North America from Latin America b. to Europe from Africa c. to North America from Asia d. to Europe from Asia

b. to Europe from Africa

The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's a.high rates of religious adherence. b. improving education of women. c. low status of women. d. low status of men. e. rapid diffusion of contraceptives

c

The world's annual _____ is currently approximately 1.2%, at which rate the world's population is projected to double in about 54 years. a.natural expectancy rate (NER) b. slight increase rate (LIR) c. natural increase rate (NIR) d. life expectancy rate (LER) e. crude birth rate (CBR)

c

among the following world regions the least densely populated is a. Southeast Asia b. East Asia c. sub-saharan Africa d. Europe e. South Asia

c

Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor? a. circulation b. economic c. political d. environmental e. All of these choices are correct

c. political

The recession of the early 21st century resulted in a. intraregional migration matched perfectly with interregional migration. b. increased intraregional migration because of job searches. c. slowed interregional migration because there were few opportunities anywhere. d. slowed intraregional migration because housing prices were high. e. increased interregional migration because of job searches.

c. slowed interregional migration because there were few opportunities anywhere.

Intraregional migration in the United States has slowed recently because of a. a desire for detached houses with private yards. b. job growth in urban centers. c. the economic recession. d. lifestyle choices. e. a counterurbanization trend

c. the economic recession.

Worldwide, rural to urban migration is a. driven by population growth. b. a thing of the past. c. the major trend in developing countries. d. the major trend today in the U.S. and Canada. e. driven by a desire for a simpler lifestyle.

c. the major trend in developing countries.

Opposition to immigration in the United States coincided with a. decreased legal migration. b. increased tensions over the Vietnam war. c. the majority of immigrants no longer arriving from Europe. d. the economic boom of the 1990s. e. large numbers of refugees moving into the country

c. the majority of immigrants no longer arriving from Europe.

The shape of a country's population pyramid is determined primarily by its

crude birth rate

The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the

crude birth rate

To study fertility, geographers most frequently use the

crude birth rate

Which of the following rates are not typically found to be low in less developed countries?

crude death rate

A country with a large amount of arable land in a small number of farmers will have a a. high agricultural density. b. low arithmetic density. c.high physiological density. d. low agricultural density. e. low physiological density.

d

A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in the country's a.total fertility rate. b.crude death rate. c.natural increase rate. d. doubling time. e. life expectancy rate

d

A homeless person living in a small town would be __ to be counted in the US census then a homeless person living in a large city. a. equal ( neither more nor less) likely b. nearly as likely c.less likely d.more likely

d

Dr. John Snow found that Cholera cases in london were a. transmitted through the air in contagious diffusion. b. Spread through the main sea trading routes by infected rats. c. being punished for their sins. d. spatially associated with certain public wells. e. being transmitted almost exclusively by French and Irish immigrants.

d

The average number of births woman bear in their lifetime is a. total birth rate b. crude birth rate c.crude fertility rate d. total fertility rate e. total increase rate

d

approximately 500 babies were born in country D in 2011, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. this data can be used to report country D's a. Crude death rate. b. terminal increase rate. c. early life expectancy. d. infant mortality rate. e. murder rate.

d

the population pyramid of a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan may appear_____ because the city's population is dominated by elderly people. a. to have a wide base b. to be a "age-sex ratio" c. right side up d. upside down e. have perfectly vertical sides

d

What source region dominated migration to the United States in the nineteenth century? a. North Africa and Southwest Asia b. Latin America c. Asia d. Europe e. Africa

d. Europe

The leading cause for migration to the United States and Canada has been a. forced migration. b. fleeing dictatorial governments. c. avoiding harsh environmental conditions. d. economic opportunity. e. freedom from religious persecution

d. economic opportunity.

Counterurbanization is a. the trend of the elderly retiring to rural locations. b. decline of the inner-city infrastructure. c. the move from urban core to suburban areas. d. migration to rural areas and small towns. e. due to expanding suburbs.

d. migration to rural areas and small towns.

The principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is

declining crude birth rates

The percentage of people who are too young or too old to work in a society is the

dependency rate

The medical revolution has been characterized by

diffusion of medical practices

In contrast to the experience of more developed countries, less developed countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition through

diffusion of medical technology from other countries

A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in the country's

doubling time

China's one child policy has resulted in a substantial decline in all but which of the following?

doubling time

The world's population in 1995 was approximately 6 billion and was expected to reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. The period of 45 years is known as

doubling time

One Demographic feature with the most significant future implication is that a. people are uniformly distributed across the earth. b. there are fewer people in the world now then add the peaks in the middle of the 20th century. c. less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate. d. the natural increase rate is larger every year. e. the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries.

e

Thomas Malthus concluded that a. crude birth rate must balance crude death rates. b. so-called" moral restraint" was producing lower crude birth rates. c. population increased dramatically well food production increased linguistically. d. Population growth with was outpacing available resources in every country, according to algebraic calculations. e. the world's great of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies.

e

fertility rate based on the number of live births per 1000 residents is the a. life expectancy at birth b. crude fertility rate c. infant birth rate d. natural increase rate e. crude birth rate

e

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by a. making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive. b. dictating optimal locations for factories. c. industrial development on the Atlantic coast. d. clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior. e. moving the capital to Brasilia.

e. moving the capital to Brasilia.

The population pyramid of Naples, Florida, is "upside down," because the city has a large percentage of

elderly people

TRUE OR FALSE a country of 30 million people has a crude birth rate of 10. This means in one year 30 babies are born.

false

TRUE OR FALSE city X contains 2 million people living on 1000 square kilometers of land. the population density of city x is 200 persons per square kilometer.

false

TRUE OR FALSE since the end of World War II, world population has been growing more slowly than in the past.

false

TRUE OR FALSE the highest crude death rate are found in the less developed countries of Africa Asia and Latin America.

false

TRUE OR FALSE Most population growth is presently concentrated in more developed countries.

false

Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than Sweden because Costa Rica

has a lower percentage of elderly people

India's most controversial family planning program has been to

sterilize people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Life Expectancy

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live

One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implications is that

the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries

Sex Ratio

the number of males per 100 females in the population

Overpopulation

the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Physiological Density

the number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Dependency Ratio

the number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Doubling Time

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Natural Increase Rate

the percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Demographic Transition

the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population

Agricultural Density

the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Demography

the scientific study of population characteristics

Agricultural Revolution

the time when humans first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Infant Mortality Rate

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Arithmetic Density

the total number of people divided by the total land area

Thomas Malthus concluded that

the world's rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies

Geographers define overpopulation as

too many people compared to resources

The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is

total fertility rate