AP Human Geography Unit 5 Review

What is Intensive Subsistence agriculture?

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

What is Milk shed?

The radius for dairy farms

What is the greatest challenge to world food supplies?

food prices

What is the difference between mixed cropping and grain farming?

grain is for sale (for human consumption) and mixed cropping is for animals

Explain the Von Thunen model.

it is concerned primarily with the value of the yield per hectare, cost of transporting output to market, and price of land.

What do farmers in South Carolina commonly practice to increase crop yields?

Double cropping

The threat of famine is most likely is what region of the globe?

Horn of Africa and Sahel

What are common characteristics of Mediterranean agriculture?

similar climates, hot/dry summers, horticulture, always near seas

What changes occurred during the second agricultural revolution?

steam engine, barbed wire, and less amount of farmers

What are some environmental issues involving Shifting Cultivation?

- when population exceeds environmental capacity - causes soil erosion and depletion of nutrients -destroys natural resources -Uses a lot of land for a small amount of people

Describe and summarize shifting cultivation

-Slash and burn used to clear land and provide soil with nutrients -a new site is designed every few years -a variety of crops are planted

What countries are ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th in milk producing?

1. USA 2. India 3. China 4. Brazil

How many agricultural regions did Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divide the world into in 1936?

11

What are advantages of sustainable agriculture?

Advantages: Management is more flexible, better integration of crops

Define Commercial farming and explain each agriculture under this category.

Agriculture used by commercial brands for economic gain

Agriculture originally started when?

Around 8,000 BC

An example of a country that produces wet rice

China

What is the predominant form of agriculture in the US Southeast?

Commercial farming

What was the main crop for our country in the beginning of agriculture?

Corn/ Soybeans

What crops are typically found on plantations?

Cotton, rubber, tobacco, bananas, rice (cash crops).

Farming varies around the world because of what factors across space?

Cultural and environmental factors

What are some ways that governments protect farmers?

Encourage farmers to NOT produce surplus crops, buy the surplus crops, pays farmers when prices are low (subsidies)

What are characteristics that describe hunting and gathering societies?

Everyone obtained food this way, before agriculture, a form of nomadism, still practiced today, groups today exist in isolated areas such as Australia's Great Victoria Desert

What are the examples of Intensive Subsistence agriculture?

Example: Families in LDCs must undergo intensive subsistence agricultural practices in order to provide for themselves

What is sustainable agriculture?

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.

What were the number of farms in the US in 1940 compared 1980?

From 6 million to 2 million

What impacts occurred in the Green Revolution?

GMO's, fertilizers, biotechnology, miracle seeds

Name the three types of animals used in pastoral nomadism and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Goats, camels, sheep

Are plantations usually found in MDCs or LDCs?

LDC's

Describe plantation agriculture and where it is primarily used.

Latin America (cash crops)

What are ways to increase productivity of land for agriculture?

Machines, fertilizers, protection of crops

What is the purpose of crop rotation?

Maintaining the fertility of fields.

What are some common strategies to increase food supply?

Most common: expanding the land area used for agriculture

Explain the differences between Mostly Developed countries and lesser developed countries?

Mostly developed countries use more land than lesser developed countries

Where did seed agriculture originate from?

North China, Ethiopia, and West India

Name and explain the three parts of Agribusiness

Primary Sector, Secondary Sector, and Tertiary Sector

Compare and contrast Subsistence and Commercial agriculture.

Subsistence is farm to table, or intended for consumption by the family. Commercial agriculture is produced with the intention of sale (grocery stores, etc.)

What has caused the decline in the number of farmers MDCs?

Push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas.

Wet Rice

Rice seed planted in flooded fields

Southwest Asia was the first to develop what form of agriculture?

Seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals

What type of agriculture is found primarily in LDCs?

Shifting Cultivation

Agriculture originated started where?

Southeast Asia, South America, Ethiopia

Where were pigs domesticated?

Southwest Asia

Which country has the highest amount of grazing for livestock ranching?

The US

What determined the direction and frequency of hunter-gatherer migration?

The movement of game and seasonal growth of plants.

Improvements in what 3 things aided commercial farmers in MDCs?

Transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics

Southeast Asia, Ethiopia, and South America all have in common?

Vegetative planting

What is desertification?

degradation of land, semiraid areas

What characteristics are important for pastoral nomadisim?

dry weather, geography best type of animal- camels

What is subsistence agriculture?

farm to table (meant for consumption by the family)

What kind of agriculture can be considered subsistence farming?

pastoral nomadism, shifting cultivation, home garden

What is agriculture?

the deliberate modification of the earth's surface for economic gain

What is the purpose of mixed crops?

to feed animals

Name and explain the Principles of Farming

use of machinery, purpose of farming, size of farm, percentage of farmers in the labor force, relationship of farming to other businesses.

Collecting berries, nuts, and roots were done by whom, during the hunting- gathering period?

women