AP II

Which of the following laryngeal cartilages are paired?

1. corniculate cartilage 2. arytenoid cartilage 3. cricoid cartilage

System arterial blood pO2 is normally

45 mm Hg

Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood.

A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.

Which is NOT a function of the nose?

All of the above are functions.

Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.

As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required.

The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________.

Boyle's law

________________law of gases states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.

Dalton's Law

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic.

False

Which of the following is not possible?

Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance.

Select the correct statement about the pharynx.

The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx.

Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli.

True

________________involves closing off the glottis (preventing expiration) while contracting the muscles of expiration, causing an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.

Valsalva Maneuver

The main site of gas exchange is the ________.

alveoli

The respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree includes which of the following?

alveoli

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

alveoli

Hypercapnia is

an abnormal rise in blood pCO2.

What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is carried in blood?

as a bicarbonate ion in plasma

Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport?

attached to the heme part of hemoglobin

Most CO2 is

carried as bicarbonate ions.

Smoking diminishes ____________ action and impedes the ability for these organelles to sweep up debris and bacteria into the pharynx.

ciliary

The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.

concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes

Tidal volume is air ________.

exchanged during normal breathing

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the nasal cavity?

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

The pitch of the sound produced by the vocal folds is controlled by the

frequency of the vibrations.

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon?

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract

Intrapleural pressure is

less than atmospheric pressure.

Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.

medulla and pons

Turbulence is the function of the _____________ ______________ (two words).

nasal conchae

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?

partial pressure gradient

Select the correct answer from the following choices that represent part of the upper respiratory tract.

pharynx

This occurs when intrapulmonary pressure and the pressure within the parietal and visceral pleura are equal.

pneumothorax

Explain where on the pigment inside a red blood cell, is CO2 carried?

protein globulin

What is the name of the glycoprotein that reduces surface tension in the air sacs?

pulmonary surfactant

What is the name of the volume of air used that will remain in the lungs after a forceful expiration?

residual

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________.

secrete surfactant

In respiration, which of the following choices is not a true function?

taste

The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the

thyroid cartilage

The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.

vital capacity

Which of the following functions is associated with the nose?

warming the air and producing mucus to trap debris from the air