AP Psych Chapter 12

Philippe Pinel

one of the first to humanely treat inmate with mental disorders

Insanity

A legal status indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness. Not a psychological term

David Rosenhan

A social psychologist that did a study in which healthy patients were admitted to psychiatric hospitals and diagnoses with schizophrenia; showed that once you are diagnosed with a disorder, the label, even when behavior indicates otherwise, is hard to overcome in a mental health setting

Thomas Szasz

Clinical theorist that argues that the whole concept of mental illness is invalid, and that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can better control or change people whose unusual patterns of functioning upset or threaten the social order.

Susan Nolen-Hoesksema

Explained why women experience depression more often than men is because of the differing response styles of men and women who are experience negative moods

Peter Lewinsohn

Suggests positive rewards in life dwindle for some persons, leading them to perform fewer and fewer constructive behaviors. (Aging baseball player loses high salary when skills deteriorate)

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner

They taught a baby, Little Albert, to be scared of a white rat by playing a loud noise after he touched it

Sally Shaywitz

This individual used functional magnetic resonance imaging and found that children with learning disabilities have only an active frontal lobe whereas healthy individuals started in the front and moved their way back in the brain

Martin Seligman

called depression the common cold of psychology : 1942-present; Field: learning; Contributions: Positive Psychology, learned helplessness; Studies: Dogs demonstrating learned helplessness.

Hippocrates

took first step toward a scientific view of mental disturbance when he declared abnormal behavior has physical cause (humors)