AP Psych Chapter 16 + 17 MC

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client- centered therapy

Active listening

Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be: A) a genuine disorder. B) merely role-playing. C) a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning perspective. D) a biological phenomenon

B) merely role-playing.

Ken's therapist suggested that his depression is a result of his self-defeating thoughts and negative assumptions about himself, his situation, and his future. Evidently, Ken's therapist is working within the ______ perspective. A) learning B) social-cognitive C) biological D) psychoanalytic

B) social-cognitive

Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur: A) women tend to act, while men tend to think. B) women tend to think, while men tend to act. C) women tend to distract themselves by drinking, while men tend to delve into their work. D) women tend to delve into their work, while men tend to distract themselves by drinking.

B) women tend to think, while men tend to act.

Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia? A) inappropriate emotions B) disturbed perceptions C) panic attacks D) disorganized thinking

C) panic attacks

Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n): A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) phobia. D) mood disorder.

C) phobia.

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, called ________ schizophrenia, recovery is ________. A) reactive; unlikely B) process; likely C) process; unlikely D) reactive; likely

C) process; unlikely

After falling from a ladder, Joseph is afraid of airplanes, although he has never flown. This demonstrates that some fears arise from: A) observational learning. B) reinforcement. C) stimulus generalization. D) stimulus discrimination.

C) stimulus generalization.

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered: A) vary from culture to culture. B) vary from time to time. C) vary by culture and with time D) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history.

C) vary by culture and with time

According to the social-cognitive perspective, a person who experiences unexpected aversive events may develop helplessness and manifest a(n): A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) dissociative disorder. C) personality disorder. D) mood disorder.

D) mood disorder.

Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of bipolar disorder? A) dopamine B) serotonin C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine

D) norepinephrine

Because of some troubling thoughts, Carl recently had a PET scan of his brain that revealed excessive activity in the anterior cingulate area. Carl's psychiatrist believes that Carl suffers from: A) schizophrenia B) a mood disorder C) a personality disorder D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Jason is so preoccupied with staying clean that he showers as many as 10 times each day. Jason would be diagnosed as suffering from a(n): A) dissociative disorder B) generalized anxiety disorder C) personality disorder D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Irene occasionally experiences unpredictable episodes of intense dread accompanied by chest pains and a sensation of smothering. Since her symptoms have no apparent cause, they would probably be classified as indicative of: A) schizophrenia B) bipolar disorder C) PTSD D) panic attack

D) panic attack

Connie's therapist has suggested that her depression stems from unresolved anger toward her parents. Evidently, Connie's therapist is working within the ______ perspective. A) learning B) social-cognitive C) biological D) psychoanalytic

D) psychoanalytic

Wayne's doctor attempts to help Wayne by prescribing a drug that blocks receptors for dopamine. Wayne has apparently been diagnosed with: A) a mood disorder B) an anxiety disorder C) a personality disorder D) schizophrenia

D) schizophrenia

what group of drugs blocks, reputes, and mimics neurotransmitters

anti anxiety drugs

what type of drugs block GABA and increase transmission

anti anxiety drugs

what type of drugs depress the nervous system

anti anxiety drugs

an individual who seems to have no conscience

antisocial personality

approach that considers behavior disorders to be the result of biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences

biopsychosocial approach

a type of mood disorder

bipolar disorder

Cognitive-behavior therapy aims to: a. alter the way people act b. make people way more aware of their irrational negative thinking c. alter the way people think and act d. countercondition anxiety-provoking stimuli

c. alter the way people think and act

Abraham's doctor prescribe medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently Abraham is being treated with an __ drug. a. antipsychotic b. mood- stabilizing c. antidepressant d. anticonvulsive

c. antidepressant

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or: a. dopamine b. lithium c. norepinephrine d. acetylcholine

c. norepinephrine

One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective is that: a. for ethical reasons, therapists cannot use sufficiently classical conditioning b. patients are often unable to become sufficiently relaxed for conditioning to take place c. patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences d. most conditioned responses are elicited by many nonspecific stimuli and it is impossible to counter condition them all

c. patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences

Before 1950, the main mental health providers were: a. psychologists b. paraprofessionals c. psychiatrists d. the clergy

c. psychiatrists

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of psychoanalysis? a. it emphasizes the existence of repressed memories b. it provides interpretations that are hard to disprove c. it is generally a very expensive process d. it gives therapists too much control over patients

d. it gives therapists too much control over patients

A close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of light- exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend? a. "Don't waste your time and money it doesn't work" b. a more effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing c. you'd be better off with a prescription for lithium d. it might be worth a try there is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief

d. it might be worth a try there is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief

Which of the following is the mood-stabilizing drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder? a. Ativan b. chlorpromazine c. Xanax d. lithium

d. lithium

a disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, feelings, and thoughts

dissociative disorder

a disorder formerly called muliple personality disorder

dissociative identity disorder

a neurotransmitter for which there are excess receptors in some schizophrenia patients

dopamine

a disorder marked by chronic low energy and self-esteem

dysthymic disorder

To help Same quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into Sam's face each time Same inhaled. Which technique is the therapist using? a. exposure therapy b. behavior modification c. systematic desensitization d. aversive conditioning

d. aversive conditioning

Which type of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the interpretation of dreams as a technique for brining unconscious feelings into awareness? a. psychoanalysis b. psychodynamic therapy c. cognitive therapy d. both a and b

d. both a and b

what specific drug depresses central nervous system activity and increases gaba transmission

valium

what drug depresses the central nervous system and is prescribed more frequently

xanax

feel persistently and uncontrollably tense and apprehensive for no apparent reason

generalized anxiety

what drug has a risk of tradeoff dyskinesia

haldol

a false sensory experience

hallucination

misinterpreting normal physical senstations as disease

hypochondriasis

experiences two or more weeks of seriously depressed moods, feelings of worthlesness, and diminished interest and pleasure in most activities

major depressive disorder

an extremely elevated mood

mania

approach that considers behavior disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured.

medical model

psychological disorders marked by emotional extremes

mood disorders

what type of drug is lithium

mood stabilizer

a neurotransmitter that is overabundant during mania and scarce during depression

norepinephrine

a disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts and actions

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a sudden escalation of anxiety often accompanied by a sensation of choking or other physical symptoms

panic attack

an anxiety disorder marked by episodes of intense dread

panic disorder

deviant, distressful, and dysnfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions

psychological disorders

a group of disorders marked by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inapropriate emotions and action

schizophrenia

a neurotransmitter possibly linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder

serotonin

intense fear of being scrutinized by others

social phobia

disorder in which bodily symptoms occur without an apparent physical cause

somatoform disorder

Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior? A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent. B) A behavior cannot be defined as abnormal unless it is considered harmful to society. C) Abnormal behavior can be defined as any behavior that is distressful. D) Definitions of abnormal behavior are based on physiological factors.

A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent.

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is not true? A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders. B) Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders. C) Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions. D) Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.

The effect of drugs that block receptors for dopamine is to: A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms. B) alleviate depression. C) increase schizophrenia symptoms. D) increase depression.

A) alleviate schizophrenia symptoms.

Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors are classified as: A) anxiety disorders. B) mood disorders. C) dissociative disorders. D) personality disorders.

A) anxiety disorders.

On Monday, Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and on the top of the world. On Tuesday, he felt hopeless and lethargic, and thought that the future looked very grim. Matt would most likely be diagnosed as having: A) bipolar disorder B) major depressive disorder C) schizophrenia D) panic disorder

A) bipolar disorder

Which of the following is the most pervasive of the psychological disorders? A) depression B) schizophrenia C) bipolar disorder D) generalized anxiety disorder

A) depression

To which of the following is a person most likely to acquire a phobia? A) heights B) being in public C) being dirty D) all of the above are equally likely

A) heights

Before he can study, Rashid must arrange his books, pencils, paper, and other items on his desk so that they are "just so." The campus counselor suggests that Rashid's compulsive behavior may help alleviate his anxiety about failing in school, which reinforces the compulsive actions. This explanation of obsessive-compulsive behavior is most consistent with which perspective? A) learning B) psychoanalytic C) humanistic D) social-cognitive

A) learning

The term insanity refers to: A) legal definitions. B) psychotic disorders only. C) personality disorders only. D) both psychotic disorders and personality disorders.

A) legal definitions

Claiming that she heard a voice commanding her to warn other people that eating is harmful, Sandy attempts to convince others in a restaurant not to eat. The psychiatrist to whom she is referred finds that Sandy's thinking and speech is often fragmented and incoherent. In addition, Sandy has an unreasonable fear that someone is "out to get her" and consequently trusts no one. Her condition is most indicative of: A) schizophrenia B) generalized anxiety disorder C) a phobia D) OCD

A) schizophrenia

Many psychologists believe the disorganized thoughts of people with schizophrenia result from a breakdown in: A) selective attention. B) memory storage. C) motivation. D) memory retrieval.

A) selective attention.

help control anxiety and agitation by depressing activity in the central nervous system

Antianxiety drugs

treats depression by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters. Also increasingly prescribed for anxiety

Antidepressant drugs

used to treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders

Antipsychotic drugs

Alicia's doctor, who thinks that Alisha's depression has a biochemical cause, prescribes a drug that: A) reduces norepinephrine B) increases norepinephrine C) reduces serotonin D) increases acetylcholine

B) increases norepinephrine

In general, women are more vulnerable than men to: A) external disorders such as anxiety. B) internal disorders such as depression. C) external disorders such as antisocial conduct. D) internal disorders such as alcohol abuse.

B) internal disorders such as depression.

When expecting to be electrically shocked, people with an antisocial disorder, as compared to normal people, show: A) less fear and greater arousal of the autonomic nervous system. B) less fear and less autonomic arousal. C) greater fear and greater autonomic arousal. D) greater fear and less autonomic arousal.

B) less fear and less autonomic arousal.

For the past 6 months, a woman has complained of feeling isolated from others, dissatisfied with life, and discouraged about the future. This woman could be diagnosed as suffering from: A) bipolar disorder B) major depressive disorder C) generalized anxiety disorder D) a dissociative disorder

B) major depressive disorder

a form of counterconditioning in which an unpleasant state becomes associated with an unwanted behavior

Aversive conditioning

Which of the following is true of the medical model? A) In recent years, it has been in large part discredited. B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable. C) It emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disorders over that of physiological factors. D) It focuses on cognitive factors.

B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable

Which of the following is not true concerning depression? A) Depression is more common in females than in males. B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event. C) Most depressive episodes last less than 3 months. D) Most people recover from depression without professional therapy.

B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event.

Research evidence links the brain abnormalities of schizophrenia to ________ during prenatal development. A) maternal stress B) a viral infection contracted C) abnormal levels of certain hormones D) the weight of the unborn child

B) a viral infection contracted

Psychoanalytic and learning theorists both agree that dissociative and anxiety disorders are symptoms that represent the person's attempt to deal with: A) unconscious conflicts. B) anxiety. C) unfulfilled wishes. D) unpleasant responsibilities.

B) anxiety.

The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ________ model of psychological disorders. A) medical B) biopsychosocial C) social-cultural D) psychoanalytic

B) biopsychosocial

The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as: A) conditioned fears. B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses. C) biological predispositions. D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts.

B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses.

Dr. Jekyll, whose second personality was Mr. Hyde, had a (n) ______ disorder A) anxiety B) dissociative C) mood D) personality

B) dissociative

Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to: A) "bad blood." B) evil spirits. C) brain injury. D) laziness.

B) evil spirits.

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of problem behaviors

Behavior therapy

act directly on the patient's nervous system

Biomedical therapies

the use of prescribed medications or medical procedures that act on a patient's nervous system to treat psychological disorders

Biomedical therapy

Janet, whose class presentation is titled "Current Views on the Causes of Schizophrenia," concludes her talk with the statement: A) "Schizophrenia is caused by intolerable stress" B) "Schizophrenia is inherited" C) "Genes may predispose some people to react to particular experiences by developing schizophrenia." D) "As of this date, schizophrenia is completely unpredictable and its causes are unknown"

C) "Genes may predispose some people to react to particular experiences by developing schizophrenia."

Thirteen-year-old Ronald constantly fidgets in his seat at school, frequently blurts out answers without being called, and is extremely distractible. A psychiatrist might diagnose Ronald with: A) bipolar disorder B) panic disorder C) ADHD D) OCD

C) ADHD

Which of the following is not true regarding schizophrenia? A) It occurs more frequently in people born in winter and spring months. B) It occurs less frequently as infectious disease rates have declined. C) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas. D) It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood.

C) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas.

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors: A) are usually genetically triggered. B) are organic diseases. C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture. D) are the product of learning.

C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.

As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is a flirting, happy-go-lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from: A) a phobia B) dissociative schizophrenia C) dissociative identity disorder D) bipolar disorder

C) dissociative identity disorder

Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of: A) smell. B) vision. C) hearing. D) touch.

C) hearing.

In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would: A) increase levels of acetylcholine. B) decrease levels of dopamine. C) increase levels of norepinephrine. D) decrease levels of serotonin.

C) increase levels of norepinephrine.

Many psychologists dislike using DSM-IV because of its: A) failure to emphasize observable behaviors in the diagnostic process B) learning theory bias C) medical model bias D) psychoanalytic bias

C) medical model bias

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist used techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth

Client-centered therapy

an integrated therapy that focuses on changing self- defeating thinking (cognitive therapy) and unwanted behaviors (behavior therapy)

Cognitive behavior therapy

Julia's psychologist believes that Julia's fear of heights can be traced to a conditioned fear she developed after falling from a ladder. This explanation reflects a ______ perspective. A) medical B) psychoanalytic C) social-cognitive D) learning

D) learning

focuses on teaching people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. The therapy is based on the idea that our feelings and responses to events are strongly influenced by our thinking or cognition

Cognitive therapy

a category of behavior therapy in which new responses are classically conditioned to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors

Counterconditioning

in which sensitive, anxiety- triggering stimuli are desensitized a progressive or systematic fashion

Counterconditioning

Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the evolutionary process? A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species' survival. B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared. C) It is easier to condition some fears than others. D) All of the above provide evidence.

D) All of the above provide evidence.

Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders? A) Identical twins often develop similar phobias. B) PET scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal unusually high activity in an area of the frontal lobes. C) Drugs that dampen fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also alleviate OCD. D) All of the above were presented.

D) All of the above were presented.

Although she escaped from war-torn Bosnia two years ago, Zheina still has haunting memories and nightmares. Because she is also severely depressed, her therapist diagnosed her condition as A) dissociative identity disorder B) bipolar disorder C) schizophrenia D) PTSD

D) PTSD

The French reformer who insisted that madness was not demon possession and who called for humane treatment of patients was: A) Nadel B) Freud C) Szasz D) Pinel

D) Pinel

Among the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia? A) an excess of endorphins in the brain B) being a twin C) extensive learned helplessness D) a genetic predisposition

D) a genetic predisposition

Behavior is classified as disordered when it is: A) deviant. B) distressful. C) dysfunctional. D) all of the above.

D) all of the above.

Social-cognitive theorists contend that depression is linked with: A) negative moods. B) maladaptive explanations of failure. C) self-defeating beliefs. D) all of the above.

D) all of the above.

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He's been in and out of jail for charges such as theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would most likely be diagnosed as having: A) a dissociative identity disorder B) major depressive disorder C) schizophrenia D) an antisocial personality disorder

D) an antisocial personality disorder

According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in: A) learned helplessness. B) the self-serving bias. C) weak ego defense mechanisms. D) depression.

D) depression.

Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal, whereas others, such as ________, are culture-bound. A) schizophrenia; depression B) depression; schizophrenia C) antisocial personality; neurosis D) depression; anorexia nervosa

D) depression; anorexia nervosa

Sharon is continually tense, jittery, and apprehensive for no specific reason. She would probably be diagnosed as suffering a(n ): A) phobia B) major depressive disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) generalized anxiety disorder

D) generalized anxiety disorder

Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ________. A) obsession; compulsion B) compulsion; obsession C) delusion; hallucination D) hallucination; delusion

D) hallucination; delusion

The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV: A) is unknown. B) depends on the age of the patient. C) is very low. D) is relatively high.

D) is relatively high.

provides diagnostic guidelines and categories that aid mental health professionals by providing a common language and shared concepts for communication and research

DSM-IV-TR

a biomedical therapy often used to treat severe depression a brief electric shock is passed through the brain

Electroconvulsive therapy (ETC)

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Evidence based practice

treats anxiety by exposing people to things they normally fear and avoid. Among these therapies are systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy

Exposure therapies

views problem behavior as influenced by, or directed at, other members of the client's family. Therapy therefore focuses on relationships and problems among the various members of the family.

Family therapy

the psychoanalytic term for the blocking from consciousness of anxiety- laden memories. Hesitation during free association may reflect ___

Resistance

Emphasizes people's inherent potential for self fulfillment

Humanistic Therapies

most commonly used type of drugs

SSRIs

therapies, such as psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy, that aim to increase the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Insight therapies

the psychoanalytic term for the analyst's helping the client to understand resistances and other aspects of behavior so that the client may gain deeper insights

Interpretation

a form of psychosurgery in which the nerves linking the emotion centers of the brain to the frontal lobes are severed

Lobotomy

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

Meta-analysis

therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight

Nondirective therapy

what specific drug partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of serotonin from synapses

Prozac

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self- insight

Psychoanalysis

seeks to enhance patients' self-insight into their symptoms by focusing on childhood experiences and important relationships in addition to unconscious forces

Psychodynamic therapy

employ structured interactions (usually verbal) between a trained professional and a client with a problem

Psychological therapies

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Psychopharmacology

a biomedical therapy that attempts to change behavior by removing or destroying brain tissue. Since drug therapy became widely available in the 1950s, psychosurgery has been infrequently used

Psychosurgery

an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

Psychotherapy

the tendency for unusual events (or emotions) to return toward their average state

Regression toward the mean

the delivery of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

personal strength that helps people cope with stress, adversity, and trauma

Resilience

a type of exposure therapy in which a state of relaxation is classically conditioned to a hierarchy of gradually increasing anxiety- provoking stimuli.

Systematic desensitization

an involuntary movement of the muscles of the face, tongue, and limbs that sometimes accompanies the long- term use of certain antipsychotic drugs

Tardive dyskinesia

what drug provides the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia

Thorazine

an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.

Token economy

the psychoanalytic term for a patient's redirecting to the analyst emotions from other relationships

Transference

refers to the accepting, nonjudgmental attitude that is the basis of client- centered therapy

Unconditional positive regard

progressively exposes people to simulations of feared situations to treat their anxiety

Virtual reality exposure therapy

The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a non directive manner is called: a. active listening b. frees association c. systematic desensitization d. transference

a. active listening

The type of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the: a. anti anxiety drugs b. antipsychotic drugs c. antidepressant drugs d. amphetamines

a. anti anxiety drugs

Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an ___ drug. a. antipsychotic b. antianxiety c.antidepressant d. anticonvulsive

a. antipsychotic

Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behaviors and an unpleasant experience is known as: a. aversive conditioning b. systematic desensitization c. transference d. electroconvulsive therapy

a. aversive conditioning

Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminatijng her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely Leota has consulted a __ therapist. a. behavior b. humanistic c. cognitive d. psychoanalytic

a. behavior

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes? a. behavior therapy b. cognitive therapy c. humanistic therapy d. psychoanalysis

a. behavior therapy

Which of the following types of therapy does NOT belong with the others? a. cognitive therapy b. family therapy c. behavior therapy d. psychosurgery

a. cognitive therapy

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effect by blocking the receptor sites for: a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. serotonin

a. dopamine

To help him overcome his fear of flying Dan's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety- triggering stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Dan's therapist is using the technique called: a. systematic desensitization b. aversive conditioning c. shaping d. free association

a. systematic desensitization

a fear of situations in which help might not be available during a panic attack

agoraphobia

A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as television viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the: a. psychodynamic therapy technique called systematic desensitization b. behavior therapy technique called token economy c. cognitive therapy technique called token economy d. humanistic therapy technique called systematic desensitization

b. behavior therapy technique called token economy

The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of: a. observational learning b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. behavior modification

b. classical conditioning

The following are some of the conclusions drawn in the text regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. For which of these conclusions did the Massachusetts study of predelinquent boys provide evidence? a. clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy usually are very accurate. b. clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy differ somewhat from the objective findings. c. individuals who receive treatment do somewhat better than individuals who do not. d. overall, no one type of therapy is a "winner," but certain therapies are more suited to certain problems.

b. clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy differ somewhat from the objective findings.

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are: a. a reflection of irrational thinking b. conditioned responses c. expressions of unfulfilled wishes d. inner conflicts

b. conditioned responses

Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia b. depression c.personality disorders d. anxiety disorders

b. depression

Of the following categories of psychotherapy which is known for its non directive nature? a. psychoanalysis b. humanistic therapy c. behavior therapy d. cognitive therapy

b. humanistic therapy

A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder it is likely that she will prescribe: a. an antipsychotic drug b. lithium c. anti anxiety drug d. a drug that blocks receptor sites for serotonin

b. lithium

Which of the following best describes the results of the 30-year follow-up study of 500 Massachusetts boys who had been considered pre delinquents? a. predelinquent boys who received counseling had fewer problems as adults than untreated predelinquent boys. b. predelinquent boys who did not receive counseling had slightly fewer problems as adults than boys who received counseling. c. predelinquent boys who underwent behavior therapy had fewer problems as adults than boys who underwent psychoanalysis. d. predelinquent boys who underwent psychoanalysis had fewer problems as adults than boys who underwent behavior therapy.

b. predelinquent boys who did not receive counseling had slightly fewer problems as adults than boys who received counseling.

Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is MOST likely a: a. clinical psychologist b. psychiatrist c. psychiatric social worker d. clinical social worker

b. psychiatrist

Light-exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for people suffering from: a. bulimia b. seasonal affective disorder c. schizophrenia d. dissociative identity disorder

b. seasonal affective disorder

A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing in it. This illustrates the importance of: a. spontaneous recovery b. the placebo effect c. the transference effect d. interpretation

b. the placebo effect

The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found? a. clients perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy b. whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results c.whereas studies affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress d. clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy

b. whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results

The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various reward is called: a. counterconditioning b. systematic desensitization c. a token economy d. exposure therapy

c. a token economy

Ben is a cognitive- behavioral therapist compared with Rachel who is a behavior therapist Ben is more likely to: a. base his therapy on principles of operant conditioning b. base his therapy on principles of classical conditioning c. address clients attitudes as well as behaviors d focus on clients' unconscious burgers

c. address clients attitudes as well as behaviors

Which form of therapy is most likely to be successful in treating depression? a. behavior modification b. psychoanalysis c. cognitive therapy d. humanistic therapy

c. cognitive therapy

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking? a. EMDR b. client- centered therapy c. cognitive therapy d. behavior therapy

c. cognitive therapy

Which biomedical therapy is MOST likely to be practiced today? a. psychosurgery b. electroconvulsive therapy c. drug therapy d. counterconditioning

c. drug therapy

Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy: a. helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems b. offers interpretations of patients' feelings c. focuses on current relationships d. does all of these things

c. focuses on current relationships

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ___; it is favored by ____ therapists. a. active listening; cognitive b. spontaneous remission; humanistic c. free association; psychoanalytic d. systematic desensitization; behavior

c. frees association; psychoanalytic

Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self- fulfillment? a. behavior therapy b. psychoanalysis c. humanistic therapy d. biomedical therapy

c. humanistic therapy

Carl Rogers was a _____ therapist who was the creator of ______. a. behavior; systematic desensitization b. psychoanalytic; insight therapy c. humanistic; client- centered therapy d. cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression

c. humanistic; client- centered therapy

In an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her parents know whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the ____ technique. a. meta- analysis b. within- subjects research c. the double- blind technique d. the single- blind technique

c. the double- blind technique

Which of the following is NOT necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies? a. they tend to take less time for the therapist b. they tend to cost less money for the clients c. they are more effective d. they allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context

c. they are more effective

In concluding her talk titled "Psychosurgery Today", Ashley states that: a. psychosurgery is still widely used thought the world b. electroconvulsive therapy is the only remaining psychosurgical technique that is widely practiced c. with advances in psychopharmacology psychosurgery has largely been abandoned d. although lobotomies remain popular other psychosurgical techniques have been abandoned

c. with advances in psychopharmacology psychosurgery has largely been abandoned

what specific drug blocks serotonin activity and enables awakenings

clozapine

a rare somatoform disorder

conversion disorder

Which of the following is not a common criticism of behavior therapy? a. clients may rely too much on extrinsic motivation for their new behaviors b. behavior control is unethical c. outside the therapeutic setting, the new behavior may disappear d. all of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy

d. all of the above are criticisms of behavior therapy

The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that: a. no single type of therapy is consistently superior. b. behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias. c. cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions. d. all of the above are true.

d. all of the above are true.

Nick survived a car accident in which another passenger died. Feeling anxious and guilty, he sought treatment from an alternative therapist, who used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help Nick return to his normally upbeat, optimistic frame of mind. After several months of treatment Nick began feeling better. Although Nick is convinced that the alternative therapy was responsible for his improvement, it is also possible that it was the result of: a. regression toward the mean. b. a placebo effect. c. merely seeking treatment from any practitioner who provided an empathic, trusting environment. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is: a. the offer of a therapeutic relationship b. the expectation among clients that the therapy will prove helpful c. the chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world d. all of these are common ingredients

d. all of these are common ingredients

A psychotherapist who believes the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be MOST likely to view disordered behavior as: a. maladaptive thoughts and actions b. expressions of unconscious conflicts c. conditioned responses d. an understandable response to stressful social conditions

d. an understandable response to stressful social conditions

Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing: a. psychoanalysis b. behavior therapy c. cognitive therapy d. client- centered therapy

d. client- centered therapy

After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist used gentle questioning to reveal to Darnel that his thinking was irrational. His "incompetence" had earned hi an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a ___ therapist. a. behavior b. psychoanalytic c. client- centered d. cognitive

d. cognitive

One variety of ___ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to ____. a. humanistic; themselves b. behavior; external circumstances c. cognitive; external circumstances d. cognitive; themselves

d. cognitive; themselves

Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it focuses on: a. using a variety of treatment techniques b. conscious rather than unconscious processes c. the present instead of the past d. how family tensions may cause individual problems

d. how family tensions may cause individual problems

A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best you should tell your relative that: a. psychotherapy does not work b. behavior therapy is the most effective c. cognitive therapy is the most effective d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

Although Moniz won the Nobel Prize for developing the lobotomy procedure, the technique is not widely used today because: a. it produces a lethargic, immature personality b. it is irreversible c. calming drugs became available in the 1950s d. of all of these reasons

d. of all of these reasons

Psychologists who advocate a ____ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's ____. a. biomedical; diet b. family; behavior c. humanistic; feelings d. preventive environment

d. preventive environment

Of the following therapists who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses? a. behavior therapist b. cognitive therapist c. humanistic therapist d. psychoanalyst

d. psychoanalyst

During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of: a. transference b. insight c. mental repression d. resistance

d. resistance

In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety- arousing situations? a. cognitive therapy b. aversive conditioning c. counterconditioning d. systematic desensitization

d. systematic desensitization

A meta-analysis of research studies comparing the effectiveness of professional therapists with paraprofessionals found that: a. the professionals were much more effective than the paraprofessionals. b. the paraprofessionals were much more effective than the professionals. c. except in treating depression, the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals. d. the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals.

d. the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals.

Principles of operant conditioning underline which of the following techniques? a. counterconditioning b. systematic desensitization c. stress inoculation training d. the token economy

d. the token economy

During psychoanalysis Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a ___ of her feelings toward her father. a. projection b. resistance c. regression d. transference

d. transference

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who: a. takes a non directive approach in helping clients solve their problems b. views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one, cause such as a biological abnormality c. uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning, in treating disorders d. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

d. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

false beliefs that may accompany psychological disorders

delusions

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

eclectic approach

an axiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear of specific object or situation

phobia

positive psychological changes stemming from dealing with an extreme crisis

post-traumatic growth

symptoms include four or more weeks of haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and sleep problems following some traumatic and uncontrollable event

post-traumatic stress disorder