ap psych chapters 15 and 16 test

close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of light-exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend?

"It might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief."

In concluding her talk entitled "Psychosurgery Today," Ashley states that:

"With advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been abandoned."

psychoanalytic theory

A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that:

all the above no single type of therapy is consistently superior.B.behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias.C.cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to:

alter the way people think and act.

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He's been in and out of jail for charges such as theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would most likely be diagnosed as having:

an antisocial personality.

A psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be most likely to view disordered behavior as:

an understandable response to stressful social conditions.

The type of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the:

anti-anxiety drugs.

Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with an _____ drug.

antidepressant

Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an _____ drug.

antipsychotic

Which form of therapy is most likely to be successful in treating depression?

cognitive therapy

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?

cognitive therapy

Which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the others?

cognitive therapy B.family therapyC.self-help groupD.support group

One variety of _____ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to ___

cognitive; themselves

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are:

conditioned responses.

Amanda is unable to move his right arm. She has been to scores of physicians seeking a cure, but none have been able to find any physiological reason for his paralysis. Amanda may be suffering

conversion disorder

In an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the _____ technique.

double binded

Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today?

drug therapy

One difference between psychoanalytic and cognitive modes of treatment is that cognitive therapists

focus on the present.

Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy:

focuses on current relationships.

Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing

hallucinations

Carl Rogers was a _____ therapist who was the creator of _____.

humanistic; client-centered therapy

One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective is that:

patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences.

Psychologists who advocate a _____ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's _____ .

preventive; environment

Sapa enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most likely a:

psychiatrist.

Before 1950, the main mental health providers were

psychiatrists

Which type (s) of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the interpretation of dreams as a technique for bringing unconscious feelings into awareness?

psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy

What kind of psychologist would be most likely to describe depression as the result of an unconscious process in which anger is turned inward

psychoanalytic

Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dream?

psychoanalytic

A meta-analysis of research studies comparing the effectiveness of professional therapists with paraprofessionals found that:

the paraprofessionals were about as effective as the professionals.

behavior therapy

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist challenged his illogical reasoning and pointed out that Darnal's "incompetence" had earned him an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a _____ therapist.

cognitive

Which of the following is not a common criticism of psychoanalysis?

It gives therapists too much control over patients.

The following are some of the conclusions drawn in the text regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. For which of these conclusions did the Massachusetts study of predelinquent boys provide evidence?

Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy differ somewhat from the objective findings.

psychodynamic theory

Freudian theory that unconscious forces determine behavior

Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with

Hadol

Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing:

client-centered therapy.

Which of the following best describes the results of the 30-year follow-up study of 500 Massachusetts boys who had been considered pre-delinquents?

Predelinquent boys who do not receive counseling had slightly fewer problems as adults than boys who received counseling.

Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies?

They are more effective.

Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses?

a psychoanalyst

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called _____ : it is favored by _____ therapists.

active listening psychoanalitic

Ben is a cognitive-behavior therapist. Compared to Rachel, who was a behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to:

address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors.

To help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into Sam's face each time Sam inhaled. Which technique is the therapist using?

aversive conditioning

Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives rather than strictly following one

eclectic.

Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminating her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota has consulted a _____ therapist.

behavior

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes?

behavior therapy

A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as television viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the:

behavior therapy technique called token economy.

Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?

carl rogers

The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of:

classical conditioning.

Empathy and unconditioned positive regard are key elements in

client centered therapy

. Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of:

depression

All schizophrenics suffer from

distorted thinking.

Methods of treatments based on classical conditioning

impolsive therapy, flooding, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy

A cognitive psychologist is most likely to attribute abnormal behavior to:

irrational and faulty thought patterns.

A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder. It is likely that she will prescribe:

lithium.

A negative side effect of ECT is

memory loss

"I am the most important person in the world" is a statement that might characterize the views of someone with which of the following personality disorders?

narcissistic

A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. You should tell your relative that:

no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

norephrine

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or:

norepinephrine.

Axis V of the DSM-IV provides details for assessing:

one's overall level of functioning

Nick survived a car accident in which another passenger died. Feeling anxious and guilty, he sought treatment from an alternative therapist, who used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help Nick return to his normally upbeat, optimistic frame of mind. After several months of treatment Nick began feeling better. Although Nick is convinced that the alternative therapy was responsible for his improvement, it is also possible that it was a result of:

regression toward the mean, .a placebo effect, merely seeking treatment from any practitioner who provided an empathetic, trusting environment.

During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of:

resistance.

Depression is associated with low levels of

serotonin

When an individual is gradually exposed to a feared stimulus while employing relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety, ________________________ is being used

systematic desensitization

n order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's therapist is using the technique called:

systematic desensitization.

All of the following methods of treatment are or may be based on classical conditioning principles EXCEPT

token economy

Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques?

token economy

During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a _____ of her feelings toward her father

transference

social cognitive theory

views prejudice as an attitude acquired through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences