AP Psych Geary Unit 5 Exam

Grades in School

General intelligence test scores obtained during adolescence best predict which of the following?

Reliable

Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was

Intrapersonal Intelligence

Howard Gardner described an individual's ability to understand themselves and to be aware of their own talents and limitations as

Levels of Processing

In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in

50

In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score is

Proactive Interference

In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates

Enhanced Recall of Items at the End of a List of Words

In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the

Anterograde Amnesia

John suffered a head injury in an accident five years ago. He now has clear memories of events that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has had since the accident. John's symptoms describe

Algorithm

Kathy is learning how to cook. She follows every direction on each recipe step by step to make sure her food tastes good. Which of the following describes the problem-solving approach that Kathy is using?

Misinformation Effect

Several people witness an assault. When the police arrive they ask the group of witness what color shirt the suspect was wearing. In front of the group, one eyewitness confidently answers that he was wearing a blue shirt, even though it was actually green. Later, when interviewed separately, each eyewitness states that they recall seeing a blue shirt. This memory error is the result of

Predictive Validity

The Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) was administered to incoming college psychology majors. Their scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course. Therefore, the PAT has

Forming Procedural and Motor Memories

The cerebellum is most directly involved in

Serial Position Effect

The chart above illustrates which of the following psychological concepts?

Fluid Intelligence

The component of intelligence described by Raymond Cattell as involving the ability to understand logical relationships, reason abstractly, and learn quickly is related to which of the following?

Chronological Age

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her

Syntax (2)

The phrase "likes dog my swim to" sounds incorrect because it does not adhere to the rules of

Deep

The two sentences "Elena won the race" and "The race was won by Elena" share which of the following structures?

Achievement

This type of test requires content validity because it is designed to measure an individual's knowledge of a subject?

Iconic

Tom is entering data from a printed chart into a computer program. He glances at the chart and then a second later turns his head away towards his computer. When he tries to immediately remember what he just saw, which type of memory is Tom using?

Overgeneralize the use of grammatical rules

Two-year-old Jia tells her grandmother that she "sweeped" the floor yesterday. The scenario illustrates that children

A Mental Set

3 year old Timmy learns to open the doors in his house by pulling on the handle. One day while out shopping with his mom, Timmy tries to pull open the door to the grocery store which had a push door. Timmy is confused about why the door won't open. This demonstrates that Timmy has developed which of the following as a door opening strategy?

Representative Heuristic

7 year old Mary gets lost at the mall and can't find her mother. Out of the crowd of people she picks out an elderly woman to ask for help because she assumes the woman is safe to ask and will be kind and helpful. Which problem solving method did Mary most likely use?

Limited in Capacity

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

Less than perfect validity

A female student was rejected by a college because her score on a test used by the college to predict performance there was below the college's cutoff score. An influential alumnus of the college intervened on the student's behalf and the student was admitted. Four years later the student graduated with honors. The most likely explanation of this outcome is that the test

Hindsight Bias

A group of friends watched a recent episode of a crime investigation show and concluded that they would have been able to figure out who was responsible for a crime more proficiently than did the television investigators. The friends' overestimation of their ability to determine who committed the crime is most likely due to a reasoning error known as

Decrease in his Fluid Intelligence

A normally functioning 65-year-old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing a

The hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category

A prototype is best defined as

Reliable but Not Valid

A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skull circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size of an adult's skull remains the same from one measurement to the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence is

Scored higher than 75% of the test takers

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

Divergent Thinking (1)

A teacher asks students to be creative and try to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

An Aptitude Test

A test that measures a person's potential ability is

Different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in different ways.

According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?

Encoding

According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves

Implicit Memory

When Tony was a child, his grandparents often spoke Italian in their home. Although Tony could never understand what they were saying, years later when he took a course in Italian he found it much easier to learn than his classmates. Tony's rapid learning was mostly likely due to

The Availability Heuristic

When asked which of two countries they would rather visit on vacation, one that they have heard of and the other unknown to them, participants are more likely to pick the country that is more familiar. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?

Crystallized

Which of the following types of intelligence would be most important in answering trivia questions?

Encoding Failure

While the teacher was going over the directions for an assignment in English class, Mary was busy working on her math homework that was due the next period. Later that night when Mary tried to work on her English assignment she was confused about what to do. Her recall problem is most likely due to

Phonemes

Yun was learning English as an adult. She found that she had trouble with some of the sounds in English because those sounds were not part of her native Chinese. The difficulty she was having involved

Predicting children's instructional needs for success in school

Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at

Crystallized Intelligence

An individual's knowledge of facts is best categorized as

Self-Reference Effect

An individual's recall tends to be better for information that is personally relevant primarily due to which of the following phenomena?

An increase in the average number of years in school

Average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. It has been argued that this circumstance (known as the Flynn Effect) is most likely due to

Spatial

Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?

The lexicon of a language shapes the way and individual thinks and interprets experiences

Benjamin Whorf's Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis argues that

Continue to believe in the beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate diets

Brad hears a report on the evening news that diets low in carbohydrates are beneficial to one's health. Considering this advice, he begins such a diet. Later he hears another report condemning low-carbohydrate diets as harmful to one's health. If Brad engages in belief perseverance, how would he respond to this new information?

A single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests

Charles Spearman's concept of g is most accurately defined as

Episodic Memory

Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of

Divergent Thinking (2)

Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?

Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam.

Dr. Rudolph's class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a rehearsal strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?

Semantic Encoding

Dr. Smith conducted a study in which one group of participants counted the number of vowels in each member of a list of 10 words, and the second group of participants were asked to make up a story about each of the 10 words. When later asked to recall the words on the list, the second group greatly outperformed the first group. This study shows the importance of

Memory of an Eye Witness

Elizabeth Loftus' research on memory construction and the misinformation effect would be most useful in casting doubt on which part of a legal case

Sunk-Cost Fallacy

Maeve wants to change her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing

Currently, she will likely be able to discriminate the phonemes \l\ and \r\; after she reaches about eight months of age, she will have begun to lose the ability to discriminate these phonemes.

Maki is a three-month-old living in a household of Japanese speakers. Which of the following best describes how her ability to discriminate phonemes will develop?

Functional Fixedness (1)

Mark runs out of wrapping paper for the Christmas presents that he bought for his family. Rather than go back out to the store to buy more he decides to use the colorful comic strips pages out of the newspaper. This solution indicates that Mark was able to overcome

Intelligence is primarily a biologically based capacity.

Martin has been heavily influenced by the work of Lewis Terman. Which of the following perspectives on intelligence would Martin most likely have?

Procedural

Memories of learned skills, such as riding a bicycle and handwriting, are classified as

Heuristics

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that help solve problems and reduce mental effort are called

Savant Syndrome

Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Which of the following best describes these characteristics?

There is an inherent language acquisition device in the brain

Noam Chomsky pointed to children's overgeneralization of grammar as evidence that

Functional Fixedness (2)

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

Scored at the average level for test takers of the same age

On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker

The older an individual is, the more difficulty he or she will have with second-language pronunciation.

Research on a critical period during the acquisition of second languages indicates that which of the following statements is true?

Morpheme

When the word "walk" is changed to "walked," the suffix "ed" is an example of a

Intrapersonal and Interpersonal

Which combination of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences are most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?

When people have better recall of things that occur at the beginning of a sequence

Which of the following best describes the primacy effect?

Syntax (1)

Which of the following concepts refers to the structure and organization of a sentence?

It is where declarative memories are stored.

Which of the following describes one of the functions of the temporal lobe of the brain?

Babbling

Which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event?

Factor Analysis

Which of the following methods is used in studies designed to determine the primary components of intelligence?

Aptitude

Which of the following refers to the potential of an individual to perform an as-yet-unlearned task?

Correlations for children and their adoptive parents are statistically significant and positive.

Which of the following results of correlational studies implies that environment contributes to the determination of IQ?