AP Psych MC practice #9

A student has just failed a psychology exam. Which of the following explanations is LEAST likely to be evidence of the self-serving bias?

"I didn't study hard enough."

Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?

A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist?

A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.

An example of proximity affecting interpersonal attraction is when

Candace is fond of Jerome because she lives next door to him.

Dr. Marcia assigned students a paper in which they had to support the side of a controversial topic they did not agree with. Before asking the students to write the paper, she gave them a survey to determine how strongly they disagreed with the topic. After the students wrote their papers, Dr. Marcia gave them another survey to rate their disagreement with the topic. She observed that the students' feelings about the topic became more strongly in agreement with the topic. Which of the following is the best conclusion?

Cognitive dissonance was likely a contributing factor to the students' change in feelings.

Because the most popular students in the high school tend to wear a particular brand of athletic shoe, a new student buys a pair of shoes of the same brand. Such behavior demonstrates which of the following social psychological concepts?

Conformity

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients

Correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives

Which of the following is a common symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

rapid speech

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of modeling aggression?

Dane, who is three years old, watched a video of a child who was repeatedly throwing a toy truck at the wall. The next time Dane played with his toy truck, he threw it at the wall.

Which of the following is an example of social facilitation?

An athlete performs better in games before a large crowd than she does in practice.

Which of the following scenarios best represents conformity?

Beth becomes a vegetarian when she starts college because all of her new friends are vegetarian.

The just-world hypothesis would best explain which of the following phenomena?

Blaming the victim

Which of the following examples best represents altruism?

Booker stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.

Certain cultures often place more emphasis on collective than on personal achievement. One result of this may be that people of these cultures are more likely to develop which type of selfsystem?

Interdependent

Which of the following concepts was advanced by social psychologists to help explain why people who are part of a crowd sometimes commit aggressive, antisocial acts that they would not commit if they were alone?

Deindividuation

Which of the following correctly best describes an example that would fit the psychologist's work in the field of social psychology?

Freedman and Fraser - Christina helps her teammate with her homework when she asks and then later is willing to help her cheat on a test

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of the mere-exposure effect?

Hal begins to like a certain sports car after seeing it frequently on the road, even though he did not like the car at first.

When watching the Olympics, most people cheer for athletes from their own country. Often, fans believe that athletes from other countries cheat but athletes from their own country would never cheat. This is an example of what psychological concept?

In-group bias

Which of the following individuals best demonstrates the concept of social loafing?

Michael, who barely works on his group science project because he knows someone else will do the work

In Stanley Milgram's' classic study, a participant was placed in one room and a confederate was placed in another room where the participant could not see the confederate. Participants were told to shock the confederate when the confederate answered a question incorrectly. What was a major ethical violation of Milgram's study?

Participants must be allowed to leave the experiment at any time, and in Milgram's study when the participants asked to leave, the experimenter said they must continue.

Which of the following is the best example of scapegoating?

Ryan, who is a member of one racial group, does not get into the college he wants to attend. Even though his application was weak, he blames members of another racial group for his rejection.

A teacher who is mistakenly informed that a student is learning disabled begins to treat that student differently from others. The teacher does not call on the student in class or help her with challenging material. The student's graded gradually decline. This result is an example of which of the following?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Jim is better at computer games when his friends are watching than when he plays alone. Researchers would explain Jim's behavior using which of the following theories?

Social facilitation

Which of the following findings would support an interpretation of aggression as catharsis?

Societies that value aggressive sports are generally less aggressive than societies that do not value aggressive sports

Which of the following studies in the field of social psychology met with the greatest criticism about the ethical issues involved?

Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience

Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more.

In the experiments of Solomon Asch, the tendency of group members to conform was reduced most by which of the following factors?

The presence of a single dissenter

An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?

When the bystander is the only other person present

A person eats a hamburger at a restaurant and develops a very bad stomachache after finishing eating. As a result of the sudden illness, the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore. Just thinking about them makes the person feel sick to the stomach. In this scenario, the thought of a hamburger is

a conditioned stimulus

William, a salesman at a car dealership, uses infographics, data, and focuses on the best features of a particular type of vehicle in order to get sales. This best exemplifies which concept?

central route persuasion

People who find themselves engaging in behavior that is against their principles will most likely experience

cognitive dissonance

"It belongs to human nature to hate those you have injured." This belief is best explained by

cognitive dissonance theory

Nicolas is always willing to do half the household chores with his wife Christina. Both Christina and Nicolas communicate their needs and are willing to give of each other equally and provide support for each other. This is an example of:

equity

The failure of bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of

diffusion of responsibility

Billy, a driver's education teacher, always makes comments about how bad women are at driving and will always be more critical on female student's driving assessments. This behavior is an example of:

discrimination

In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to

express happiness when the mother returned to the room

A basic assumption underlying the definition of groupthink is that

group members desire peace and harmony within the group

Which of the following terms is used to describe the process by which important group decisions may be distorted because different viewpoints are not encouraged?

groupthink

According to attribution theory, Pablo is most likely to attribute his high score on a difficult exam to

his intelligence

Individuals are most likely to obey when demands are made by a

legitimate authority

George sat next to Kiki in biology class every day. They often worked together on assignments. By the end of the semester, George became quite fond of Kiki. Which social psychological term best explains George's attraction to Kiki?

mere-exposure effect

The results of Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience suggested that

most people will obey perceived authority figures' instructions to harm others

Susan nods her head along in a conversation with her group of friends and agrees with the group even though she is not really following the topic so she doesn't feel left out or stupid. Susan has fallen prey to:

normative social influence

A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that

participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out

A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?

procedural

It is widely known in Jerry's social circle that he is the most stubborn and inflexible member of the group. Yet Jerry complains that all his friends are opinionated and rigid. Jerry's complaints are most clearly a sign of

projection

Allison showed up for swim practice in a new racing suit with a new pair of goggles and fins. Her parents were using the principles of ___________________ to encourage Allison's competitive swimming abilities.

role playing

On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of

sensory adaptation

Leila saw a man treat a passerby rudely. Shortly after that, she saw him slip and fall to the ground. She immediately thought, "What a clumsy man," without acknowledging that he had walked onto a patch of ice. Leila is demonstrating the fundamental attribution error because

she blamed his fall on his being clumsy

Research findings in the area of interpersonal attraction indicate that individuals are most likely to be attracted to others who are

similar to them in attitudes and values

In Philip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, young men were assigned roles as either guards or prisoners. The results showed that

situations can exert powerful effects on morality and identity

Stephanie chooses to donate plasma regularly since she only has to give up a bit of her time and that is worth it to help those in need. This best exemplifies which concept?

social exchange theory